Simie

Simie

taxon

Aŋa yitaalombile	useful plant
Has use	medicinal plant
Short name	V. subterranea
Taxon name	Vigna subterranea
Taxon rank	species
Parent taxon	Vigna
Taxon common name	bambarra groundnut
Has basionym	Glycine subterranea
IUCN conservation status	LC
External data available at URL	https://www.gbif.org/dataset/31dc1507-a6e1-4233-a8df-c7a78596a7e4
Taxon range	Gabon
GRIN URL	https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=105107

Simie (Nansaaleba yoe: Bambara groundnut, Bambara nut, Bambara bean, Congo goober, earth pea, ground-bean, bee hog-peanut) paale la a Fabaceae bonkoɔre poɔ. A yuori yi la Bambara saakonnoŋ yiibu zie. A bonkoɔraa yiwaabo zie la West Africa. O bondiraa ane garegaredi bone, simie e la bomdiraa kaŋa naŋ e soŋ a African tenne kpeɛbo poɔ na ba naŋ maŋ koɔrɔ, a yi peanut ane cowpea. Ba de la, koɔre kyɛ o maŋ maale taa la tɔna ko pɔgeba yaga.

Simie la e a boŋkoɔre kpoŋ a semi-arid Africa. Simie ba maŋ maale boɔrɔ ŋmenaa ane toloŋ yaga kyɛ o maŋ maale boɔrɔ la tensɔgɔ ŋa boŋkoɔre yaga na ba maŋ kɔ be yaga. O ba maŋ kɔɔre yaga kyɛ maale bee leɛ bondiraa. A tensɔgɔ maŋ maale taa la poɔroŋ soŋ bonso o maŋ taa la nitrogen saseɛ ka o kpeɛrɛ a teŋɛ.

Simie e la bone naŋ na maŋ wɔɔ wɔma eŋ tenɛ poɔŋ, teseŋ a peanut (ka neŋ maŋ boɔle o seŋkãã). Ba maŋ baŋ di a patɛloŋ bee a dɔge a a koobu poɔreŋ.

Nansaala Bigiru

Simie e la yuoni yuoni boŋkoɔre, a bombuli baabo maŋ eɛ wogi aŋa 30 te ta 50 centimetres ( 12 te ta 20). Legume meŋ poɔ la Fabaceae, bombie bale poɔ, ana la ba naŋ boɔlɔ Leguminosae, ka anaŋ la, Legume, bɛŋɛ, simie bombie bale. Aŋa legumes, simie ane a taaba sybiotiɔ nitrogen-fixing bombiiri a nyege poɔ.

A vaɛ maŋ are la tulimu kyɛ are tutaa a piili a bile te tɔ a bɛrɛ, ulee zaa maŋ taa vaɛ anaare ka ayi zaa maŋ leɛ puori ko taa. Vare zaa wogiloŋ maŋ e ŋa 1 te ta ŋa 7 cm(1/2 te ta ŋa 2 ne kyɛle kyɛ ka o yɛloŋ meŋ e ŋa 1 te ta ŋa 3cm (1/2 te ta ŋa 1 ne kyɛle. Legumes yaga zie ka zie wa soɔ a maŋ pɔge la vaare ŋa boma naŋ waana ka a gaŋ.

A puuru zaa maŋ e ŋa 1 te ta ŋa 1.5 cm kyɛ e doɔre o zaa viiri kyɛ ka bonzeɛ kpɛ be a soga poɔ. A maŋ mare la a ulee a saazu, a e yaga lɛ bebiboŋyeni yoŋ ka a maŋ de kyɛ gba le. A wɔne eŋɛ la ka puuri maŋ mare, a puuru maŋ e la wogi gaŋ a vaare meŋa.

Simie wɔmɔ maŋ nyɛ kpɛ la teŋɛ poɔ, Ka kuoluŋ wa kpɛ a, a ba maŋ koɔre kyɛ piili puuru. A wagere ŋa poɔ la ka a maŋ baa a vaa iri kyɛ ka a nyegɛ a kpɛ teŋɛ kyɛ piili yɛrɛ. A nyegre ŋa maŋ baa la kpɛ teŋɛ, a ŋa la maŋ soŋ ka o piili wɔnɔ a teŋɛ poɔ. A ŋaa nansaale yuori la Legumes, a wogiloŋ maŋ e ŋa centimetres 3 te tɔ 7 (1 te tɔ 3), bie anaare la seŋ ka a maŋ be o poɔ. A simie pɛgere maŋ dɔgele la taa, o maŋ taa la mie mine kyɛ e wogi.

Peanut seed separated showing the cotyledon, plumule and radicle

Simie lamboe:

simbiri pɛgere- onaŋ maŋ pɔge a simbiri ka o ta toɔrɔ a tɛne

simbiri meŋa- a bompelaa na ayi na maŋ lantaa ana la ka maŋ di bee a oɔ

biri pɛgere- boŋ-ulimo naŋ maŋ pɔge simbiri ɔraa meŋa

a bombiri nimiri - ona la maŋ buli kpɛ teŋɛ, o maŋ e la bone naŋ na kpere bare

bombiri nimiri- ona la maŋ buli a yi saaŋ yempoɔ

simie/ seŋkaa

Phytochemistry

Simie taa la tee mine anaŋ maŋ go ne a toɔraa, a maŋ taa la kaaŋ ane kaaŋ sonne mine naŋ guuro yiri baaloŋ poɔ, a maŋ gu la a tɛnne bonso a maŋ yɛre pɔge la teŋɛ. simipɛgere maŋ taa kpexŋaa kaŋa naŋ maŋ gu simi-biri.

Saadayel/Dakoreŋ

Arachis genus e la South America neɛ, a saniŋe naŋ be Andes, naŋ peɛle Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, ane Brazil. Simie bee seŋkaa koɔbo ( A Arachis) da piili la a yi A. duranensis ane A. ipaensis kpakyaga poɔ. A piilu da naa eɛ soŋ kyɛ ka bombiiri baaloŋ wa de a tɛne kuoluŋ. Ana lantaa maale a bombiiri baaloŋ. A saaŋkompare peɛroo wuli ka, ka a naŋ wa wuli ka bombiiri kaŋa de simi-puuru kaŋa koɔ te eŋ boŋyuo, anaŋ na baŋ vɛŋe ka simie gore a northwestern paaloŋ poɔ. Agentina bee Southeastern Bolivia, be la ka simiweɛ kɔ gantaa a be a wa tɔ a ne zenɛ, a yi nansaala simie iribu.

A nansaala simie tuuru vɛŋe la ka simie leɛ be a toɔraa lɛ. A yie poɔ simikoɔre maŋ e la tegerɛ, ka bie bɛrɛ, kyɛ naŋ nyɛ yaga meŋ. A yeli ŋa yiibu zie la a koɔbo tɛɛtɛɛ naŋ be sekodere yuniveniti a Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Paraguay, ane Uruguay paaloŋ poɔ. Saŋa paroŋ na poɔ, noba kɔɔ ne dɔgelɔ la da ŋmɛ a simikɔ kyakya, a yelŋa poŋi eŋ la a nansaale yoe ziiri ayoɔbo, a ayoɔbo na poɔ ba la poŋi a la eŋ ziiri ayi poɔ ka ana la A. h. fastigiata, ŋa maŋ baa la a e wogi do saa, o maaloo eɛ ŋmaa lɛ. A. h. hypogaea, ŋa e nyaga maŋ kpɛ la a teŋɛ poɔ yaga, o maaloo meŋ maŋ kɔɔrɛ la kyɛ baŋ senne deebo.

A parɛɛ

A damanne ane lɛ anaŋ waa la sɛge tu a dabegeraa ŋa poɔ a tu United State sobiri kyɛ ba wuli ka a tendaazaa la sage de a lɛ. Fo meŋ na baŋ sɛge eŋ la ka a do a dabegeraa ŋa poɔ, di demɛ a kyaare a yelzu bee maale yelzu paala naŋ tu kyaare a demɛ ŋa. (Sakyɔrɔn kyuu 2015) (zanne iribu ane de-embo a sɛgere ŋa po)

Cultivars naŋ be United States

Seŋkãã cultivar yaga pore gyille la a tendaazaa poɔ. Ziiri na a naŋ pore a United States poɔ la, Spanish, Runner, Virginia, ane Valencia.[26] Ba boorɔ la seŋkãã ziiri ata naŋ be US: a southeasthern US region naŋ taa Alabama, Georgia, ane Florida; a southwestern US region naŋ taa New Mexico, Oklahoma, ane Texas; ane eastern US meŋɛ zaa naŋ taa Virginia, North Carolina, ane South Carolina.[26 ]A Georgia poɔ, Naomi Chapman Woodroof e la neɛ naŋ kaara a seŋkãã ŋa baabo yeltarre, a vɛŋ ka maŋ pɛ seŋkãã a gɛrɛ gbɛɛ bonuu yaga. [27]

Cultivar laŋgbule mine la ka ba nɔŋ a yi ba waaloŋ mine, a ŋa nyuu tɛɛtɛɛloŋ, kãã sonne, a semmo, meɛroŋ, ane a naŋ maŋ kɔɔre.[28] Seŋkãã gyamaa naŋ maŋ koɔre ne a pɛgere yi la a Virginia deme, a de neŋ Valencias ba naŋ iri a kponnoŋ ane a pɛgere veɛloŋ zuiŋ. Spanish seŋkãã ba maŋ de la maale neŋ seŋkãã tɔfi, seŋkãã kyeene, ane teŋɛteŋɛ.

Spanish laŋgbuli

Ba kɔ la a Spanish bile dema a South Africa ane a southwestern ane southeasthern United States. Anaŋ wa ta yuoni 1940 poɔ, a seŋkãã 90% ba naŋ bore a US state naŋ be Georgia da e la Spanish deme, kyɛ a gbɛre a yi a lɛ waana ŋaa eeɛ yɛloŋ lɛ, a maŋ nyɛɛ yaga, a e kpeɛŋaa ka baaloŋ biri zaa ba kpɛ a cultivars. A Spanish seŋkãã taa la kãã yaga a gaŋ a seŋkããne mine deme. US poɔ, New Mexico, Oklahoma, ane Texas la ka a Spanish deme deɛ maŋ kɔ ba denne.

Cultivars naŋ be a Spanish deme la 'Dixie Spanish ', 'Improved Spanish 2B', 'GFA Spanish', 'Argentine', 'Spantex', 'Spanette', 'Shaffers Spanish', 'Natal Common (Spanish)', "White Kernel Varieties', 'Starr', 'Comet', 'Florispan', 'Spanhoma', 'Spancross', 'OLin', 'Tamspan 90', 'AT 9899–14', 'Spanco', 'Wilco I', 'GG 2', 'GG 4', 'TMV 2', ane 'Tamnut 06'.

Runner laŋgbuli

A yi 1940 poɔ, a southeastern US region kyille la a ba seŋkãã koɔbo a gaa neŋ Runner laŋgbuli seŋkãã. A kuli ŋa yi la a nyu soŋ na a naŋ taa, seɛmbo soŋ waaloŋ, ane anaŋ maŋ maale soŋ a gaŋ a Spanish deme, a vɛŋ ka ba derɛ weɛ a yi a seŋbie kãã, ane bie na naŋ miili neŋ nyɛnnoo. Georgia koɔbo pampana ŋa taara la 100% Runner -type. [28]

Cultivars naŋ be Runner poɔ la 'Southeastern Runner 56-15', 'Dixie Runner', 'Early Runner', 'Virginia Bunch 67', 'Bradford Runner', 'Egyptian Giant' (also known as 'Virginia Bunch' and 'Giant'), 'Rhodesian Spanish Bunch' (Valencia and Virginia Bunch), 'North Carolina Runner 56-15', 'Florunner', 'Virugard', 'Georgia Green', 'Tamrun 96', 'Flavor Runner 458', 'Tamrun OL01', 'Tamrun OL02' 'AT-120', 'Andru-93', 'Southern Runner', 'AT1-1', 'Georgia Brown', 'GK-7', and 'AT-108'.

Virginia laŋgbuli

A sembiri kpoŋ a Virginia laŋgbuli bore la a US star naŋ be Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, ane a Georgia ziiri mine. Ba yuori duoro la a yi a seŋkãã koɔbo naŋ duoro, a gaŋ a zaa a nyɛnnoo, a noɔ, ane ba naŋ maŋ sɛ ne a pɛgere.

Virginia laŋgbuli seŋkãã e la gbuli bee baara la neŋ a baabo. A gbuli deme maŋ baara la yaga. A wogiloŋ be la 45 te tɔ 55 cm (18 te tɔ 22 in), ane a yɛrroŋ ta 70 te tɔ 80 cm (28 te tɔ 31 in), a taa 80 te tɔ 90 cm (31te tɔ 35 in) a tuulo naŋ naŋ pɔge a teŋɛ. A vori be la 5 ane 10 cm kpakyagaŋ (2 te tɔ 4 in) a vaare nyegɛŋ.

Valencia laŋgbuli

Valencia laŋgbuli seŋkãã waɛ nyerenyere lɛ kyɛ taa nyeg-zeere ane teere va-bɛrɛ. United States poɔ, ba na naŋ maŋ kɔ yaga maŋ yi la South Plains naŋ be West Texas ane a eastern New Mexico naŋ peɛle ane a South naŋ be Portales, kyɛ ba maŋ kɔ a la fēē lɛ zie kaŋa naŋ be South ama la taa nyu-soŋ kyɛ meŋ naŋ soma neŋ seŋkãã dogereŋ. A deɛ eɛɛ wagere lɛ, a fo te seŋ 125 cm (49 in) ane a yɛlloŋ 75 cm (30 in). Seŋkãã vaɛ e la va-bɛrɛ naŋ maŋ yɛre a yi a nyegɛ ane a uuli lomboreŋ. A vaɛ yaga ziiri maŋ buli mare la gyille a teɛ pare, ane meŋ fēē toŋ la ka fo na baŋ nyɛ ka a be tɔɔre zaa. Valencia deme eɛɛ ziiri ata gɛrɛ anuu bie ane baaloŋ, ka yelferaa zaa kye a pɛgere ane a bie kpakyagaŋ. A bie maŋ yaare la kyɛ fogele taa a bogiŋ. Gbɛɛ yaga a biri tegeroŋ e la 0.4 te tɔ 0.5 g. A boorɔ ŋa ba maŋ de la koɔrɔ neŋ seŋkyeene ane seŋkãã na naŋ eŋ nyɛnnoo ane semie kãã . Bontɛɛtɛɛ naŋ be be la 'Valencia A' ane 'Valencia C'.

Tennessee Zeɛ ane Tennessee Pelaa Laŋgbuli

A ama zaa yietaa kyɛ te kyɛre a bie waaloŋ yoŋ la wɛle a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ. Bamine meŋ baŋ a la ka Texas Zeɛ bee Pelaa. A bombulo ma yi ne la a Valencia bombulo, a uli yoŋ la maŋ wɛle a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ, a uli waaloŋ maŋ e teɛ vaare kyɛ sigere a puliŋ ka o ŋmaa e meelo lɛ

Koɔbo

Seŋkaa maŋ baa soŋ zie ŋmenaa veɛloŋ, zipelaa naŋ taa kuoluŋ a maŋ toɔ nyɔge koɔ a ta 5.9-7. Ka a faŋa baŋ toɔ nyɔge saseɛ, ka anaŋ wa toɔ erɛ ama koro a seŋkaa, lɛ wuli ka seŋkaa na baŋ nyɛ la tɔnɔ bee a ba nyɛ tɔnɔ feeŋ zaa yi a saseɛ poɔ naŋ wuli ka tenɛ kuoluŋ duoro la. A zuiŋ a taa la tɔnɔ a ko boŋkɔleɛre. A yi be meŋ, a seŋkaa vaɛ bee pɛge meŋa meŋ maŋ vɛŋe la baaloŋ, moɔ ane bombiiri a sigere a wɛyeni boŋkɔleɛre bee bontɛɛtɛɛ koɔbo. Aseŋ, Texas poɔ, yuomo ata poɔ la ka ba maŋ kɔ seŋkaa ane kamaana a leɛre wɛboŋyeni poɔ. A de lɛ kuoluŋ naŋ maŋ soŋ a nyege, a lɛ a bombuli naŋ maŋ toɔ nyɛ koɔ, ane bondirii, ane faŋa a ko a bombuli, ŋmenaa veɛloŋ ane pɔroŋ ama zaa e la boma naŋ seŋ ka a bombuli a nyɛ a toɔ baa velaa. Seŋkaa boɔrɔ zie naŋ taa toloŋ a piile bulibo daare te ta o voɔbo bebiri. A naŋ baŋ baa ne koɔ feeŋ aŋa 500mm (14), kyɛ yields eŋ boɔrɛɛ koɔ aŋa 500mm (20). A maa paaŋ na yi la lɛ a bombuli naŋ baara ane lɛ a bombuli naŋ kɔ ane lɛ a seŋkaa naŋ kɔ, A peɛbo bee deebo maŋ e ŋa bebie 90 te tɔ ŋa 130 a yi a borebo bee sɛlebo A. h. fastigiata ane bebie 120 te tɔ ŋa 150 a yi o meŋ borebo bee sɛlebo A. h. hypogaea. A. h. hypogaea ŋa la ka noba yaga maŋ noŋ bonso bebie na o naŋ maŋ de kyɛ maale e la yaga bee wogi.

Seŋkaa bulo maŋ puuro la ka seɛ naŋ wa nyɛre maaroŋ a baara; Wɔmɔ mine ba maŋ kpɛ bie ka a bombuli meŋa meŋ gba seŋ deebo. Lɛ neɛ naŋ na e ka bombie a do saa, a wuli ka wagere naŋ seŋ ka o soba de a boma e la nimizeɛ. A anaŋ wa e wiuŋ, lɛ wuli ka tewɔmɔ yaga zie koŋ moɔ; anaŋ meŋ la kɔɔre zuo, a wɔmɔ zaa na kpa le a tɛnɛ poɔ. A deebo bee peɛbo laafeɛ zaa la ka fo maŋ laŋ voɔ ne a nyaga zaa wa yineŋ a tɛnɛ poɔ. A pɛge maŋ e la boma naŋ taa mie a pɔge a bie taa.

A bombie mine maŋ boɔrɛɛ zie naŋ taa toloŋ yaga. A wɔmɔ wɔmbo yi lɛ o naŋ ba eŋ puuru kyɛ o voɔ, ane o naŋ puuro ane ane onaŋ kyaaŋ piile puuro kyɛ ka o soba voɔ o maŋ wuli la o soba a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ. A paaŋ yi a saseɛ, a lɛ a bombuli naŋ maŋ toɔ nyɛ koɔ, ane bondirii, ane faŋa a ko a bombuli, ŋmenaa veɛloŋ ane pɔroŋ, yɛlɛ mine meŋ naŋ bebe ka a bombuli ba nyɛ a soŋ a wɔmɔ koŋ taa kpeɛŋaa. A bombulo saa maŋ yi la bombiiri zie, baaloŋ, ane moɔ. A bombiiri ama poɔ, anaŋ naŋ maŋ nyuuro a puuru koɔ na taa la tɔnɔ yaga a bombuli. A baaloŋ faa nimizeɛ kaŋa la a bombiiri na maŋ ɔrɔ a vaɛ.

Boma deebo maŋ eɛ parɛɛ ayi. Mɔnsime maŋ kyɛ la a seŋkavaare a sige te manne a teŋɛ, a ŋaa puoriŋ mɔnsine kaŋa maŋ la bebe a meŋ vɔ a seŋkaa yi neŋ a teŋɛ poɔ a nyɔge a meremere kyɛ leɛ a wɔmɔ ka a do sazu a kyaare a ŋmenaa bee veɛloŋ. Ŋaa na vɛŋ la ka seŋkaa koro feeŋ feeŋ lɛ a te ko baare, a na baŋ de la bebie ata bee anaare kyɛ baŋ ko a yi lɛ ŋmenaa naŋ na pure seŋ. Dasaŋa, nuri la ba maŋ vɔ ne seŋkaa.

A seŋkaa wa ko baare, ba maŋ tuuri ire la seŋnyege zaa bare. Seŋkaa seŋ ka a maale deɛle a ko soŋ bee velaa, ka a bimbo zie meŋ naŋ e zikuoŋaa zie. Ka anaŋ ba wa ko soŋ kyɛ naŋ taa koɔ a poɔ bee ka a bimbo zie ba wa e soŋ a zaa poɔŋ bee a saaŋ a kpɛ zanzulo. A  zanzulo ama kpoŋ zie bee a gyamaa zie maŋ e bonfaare naŋ taa tuo.

Bombiiri ane Baaloŋ.

Seŋkaa e bomboorɔ mine ka anaŋ ba biŋ soŋ, a zaa maŋ saaŋ a kpɛ zanzulo ane bombiiri. Seŋkaa naŋ ba bɛ soŋ kyɛ ka ba pɔre, ama taaba la kyaara saana. A USDA tontonemo de la ba kompiitare a kyage ne lɔgbuli zaa na maŋ tuo seŋkaa a nyɛ awola naŋ saaŋ o poɔ. Lɔɔre na zaa naŋ tuo seŋkaa ka bonsaane be poɔ a ta pie ne anuu wuli ka a saaŋ la yaga. A Kompani naŋ tona seeŋkaa toma maale la mɔnsine ka o maŋ kyage a baŋ toɔ nyɛ seŋkaa anaŋ naŋ saaŋ. Seŋkaa na a mɔnsine naŋ kyage ka taa aflatoxin yaga a poɔ la ka maŋ de iri ne seŋkaaŋ kaaŋ.

A seŋkaa vaare meŋ maŋ nyɔge la a zanzulo baaloŋ, Alternaria arachidis.

Maaloo.

Peanut production 2023, millions of tonnes

China	19.2
India	10.3
Nigeria	4.3
United State	2.7
Sudan	1.4
World	54.3
Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations

2023 yuoni poɔ, a tendaazaa seŋkaa maaleba tontoneba (yeli ka seŋkaa naŋ ba taa pɛge) da 54 million tone,  China deme da de weɛŋ ane 36% ka India deme meŋ tu ne 19% a tabɔl poɔ.

Bonfaa (Toxicity)

Allergies.

       Atikile meŋa: Seŋkaa yelfaa/faaloŋ

Noba mine (1.4-2 % a Europe ane United State poɔ) yeli ka ba nyɛ yelfaare mine s yi neŋ seŋkaa poɔ, a yelfaare mine la, nimie maŋ zoro la koɔ onaŋ ka nansaala maŋ boɔle ka anaphylactic shock, ka anaŋ ba wa sanoo la lɛ. Seŋkaa di feeŋ na baŋ wane la yeli ŋa. A yi noba yaga na maŋ de a maala ne bondirii a koɔrɔ, lɛ neɛ naŋ na e koŋ di a feeŋ na e la kpeɛŋaa. Sɛgere kannoo ba naŋ maŋ sɛge eŋ bondirii wɔrɔba eŋɛ e la yelnimizeɛ, anaŋ na toɔ soŋ ka neɛ ta nyɛ bee a nyɔge seŋkaa baaloŋ ama. Bondirii maalo ana zie ba naŋ maŋ de a bondi-maale boma pare yeni na de ne bee nyɔge seŋkaa bondirii seŋ ka ba maŋ sɛge eŋ ka noba baŋ sɛre kyɛ baŋ derɛ a. Pampana bondimaale ziiri yaga zie pile banna la ka seŋkaa ane simie de lantaa taa la baaloŋ (azuo azaa ka fooŋ wa de puli ne zoma).

A Great Britain Israel poɔ, semie/seŋkaa peɛroo yelzu kyɛyuobu wuli ka ka bibile wa kɔɔre simie/seŋkaa diibu kyɛ wa piili a diibu wuli ka o na baŋ nyɔge bee nyɛ a baaloŋ ŋa.

Simie baaloŋ meŋ na wuli ka bibile wa de soɔrɔ o endaa, kyɛ a peɛroo ŋa naŋ be e bone neɛzaa naŋ sage de. Noba mine meŋ yeli ka simie baaloŋ meŋ na baŋ yi la zeeŋ bale zie.

Sakue mine naŋ be a US paaloŋ mine ane tenne mine poɔ eŋ la duoro ka ba ta la waane ne boma naŋ ba naŋ de simie/seŋkaa a maale. Aneazaa ka ba yeli ka ka ba ta wane kyɛ a simie/seŋkaa baaloŋ naŋ ba sige. 2015 yuoni poɔ, peɛroo bɔgere kaŋa ka Canada poɔ wuli ka tɛɛtɛɛloŋ zaa ba kyɛbe a yi sakue anaŋ dire simie/seŋkaa boma ane sakue anaŋ naŋ ba dire a.

Simikaaŋ iri maaloo naane waane a baaloŋ koro a noba yaga zie.  Simikaaŋ anaŋ ba naŋ ba iri a kaaŋ soŋ la waane ne a baaloŋ koro a noba. Noba naŋ zɔŋe, peɛroo wuli ka noba 60 e la nyɛ a la yi simikaaŋ mɔsine naŋ iri ane banaŋ ba de mɔnsine iri ne wuli ka a zaa la tere a baaloŋ. A sɛgesɛgerɛ gbuule la a yele zu ka “Simikaaŋ banaŋ iri a soŋ terɛ la eŋgane baaloŋ aŋa 10%, peɛroo naŋ wuli ka yelluŋ ŋa ba e yemeŋa. Ba naŋ yeli ka simikaaŋ anaŋ mɔnsine naŋ iri ba maaleŋ koro noba yaga eŋgane baaloŋ ŋa. Kyɛ banaŋ wuli ka simikaaŋ anaŋ mɔsine naŋ iri terɛ la baaloŋ ka bondirii mine wa daŋ maale ne a simikaaŋ.  

A eebo

Nutrition
Peanuts, Valencia, raw Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Enregy 2,385 kJ (570 kcal) Carbohydrates 21 g Dietary fiber 9 g Fat 48 g Saturated 7 g Monounsaturated 24 g Polyunsaturated 16 g Protein 25 g Amino acids Vitsmins and minerals Other constituents Quantity Water 4.26 g

Valencia simikare taa la koɔ 4%, a taa kãã 48%, a terɛ faŋa 25%, ane zeeŋ 21%.

A yi 100grams (3.5 oz), simie/seŋkãã maŋ tere la 2,385 kilojoules (570 kilocalories) bondirii faŋa, kyɛ koro 9 g (0.32 oz) vooroŋ aneŋ meŋ o terɛ la 20% bebiri zaa DV) B vitamins, vitamin E, ane dietary minerals yaga zie, aseŋ  manganese, magnesium, ane phosphorus. A kãã kpoŋ zie maŋ yi la polyunsaturated ane monounsaturated (83% a yi a kãã zaa lantaa poɔ).

Peɛroo mine wuli ka bebiri zaa simikãã diibu ba terɛ baaloŋ yaga.US Food and Drug Administration, peɛroo wuli ka ka neɛ maŋ di simikãã 1.5 ounces bebiri zaa na baŋ soŋ vɛŋe la ka eŋgane baaloŋ kyɛ naŋ ka o soba sikyiri baaloŋ meŋ sige puleŋ.

Simigbulo

Simikyeene

Simikyeene e la bone na maalo naŋ gore. Simikuone na baŋ kyẽẽ ne la a pɛge ka fooŋ kyiri a eŋ dalensaŋ poɔ a de doɔle bone naŋ tolɔ aŋa 177 °C (351 °F) a ta mitere pie ne anuu te ta lezare, ka anaŋ ne a pɛge wa la, an baŋ de la mitere lezare te ta lezare ne anuu kyɛ baŋ kyẽẽ soŋ.

Simidogere, e la bone naŋ pore India, China, West Africa, ane southern United States. A US sapareŋ seŋ, nyɛnoŋ kõɔ la ka maŋ de doge simie a koɔrɔ .

Tɛɛtɛɛ na baŋ wɛle la yi simikɛrɛ ane simimaara. Simikɛrɛ anaŋ baŋ naŋ deɛle ka a ko kyɛ ba doge bee kyẽẽ bee a sɛ. kyɛ simimaara meŋ la anaŋ baŋ deɛ naŋ pɛ yi neŋ a weɛ poɔ ka a naŋ ba deɛle bee a nyɛ ŋmenaa togitogi, ka fooŋ na doge a, a yele la ka fo ɔŋ kõɔ ne kɔpɔ paale eŋ kyɛ a na bɛ la.

Simikãã

Atikile meŋa simikãã

simikãã

Simikãã la ka yaga zie maala ne bondirii, a nyuu maŋ noma la kyɛ a meŋ ba la nyɔgerɔ vuu wiuŋ. A kãã tona yelyeni yoŋ, noba yaga sage de a la ka a maala  bee guruo la nensaala endaa a yiri ne baaloŋ eŋɛ a gaŋ kãã anaŋ naŋ tona tomparɛɛ yage a nensaala endaa poɔ. A simikãã iribu taa la parɛɛ yaga simikyeene kãã iribu, mɔnsime simikãã iribu, simitoɔre kãã iribu ane amine kaŋa. Mɔnsine simikãã ire ba tere sekyiri baaloŋ, a yelŋa pale la a US merɛ poɔ.

Maala bondirii ane salad kãã, simikãã e 46% kãã naŋ tona yelyeni nensaala eŋgane poɔ, 32% la e simikãã naŋ wuli ka a tona la toŋgyamaa a nensaala endaa poɔ. Ka fooŋ na iri simikãã, a de kõɔ ane selebo maalo pare, a kãã ama la ka nansaala maŋ boɔle ka NASA's Advanced Life Support program, ama maŋ baŋ taa la nensaala eŋane ka o kɔɔre.

Simi-ɛre

Atikile meŋa: simi-ɛre.

simi-ɛre.

Simi-ɛre e la bondirii a yi simikyeene baŋ deɛle ka ka ko ka ba te ɛre. Gbɛɛ yaga ba maŋ de boma mine eŋ ka a noɔ kaŋa bale a la be a poɔ, a mine gba ka ba meele ne boma mine aseŋ nyɛnoŋ, ane bonnoore mine. Kopani yaga zie pampana maŋ de la a simi-ɛre ama a puli ne boma yaga a maaloo poɔ aseŋ chocolate, birthday cake, ane cinnamon raisin. Ba maŋ de la Simi-ɛre a di neŋ borodo/bread, bee ane borodo ba naŋ kyẽẽ. A United State poɔ ba maŋ de simi-ɛre a maale ne boma gyamaa aseŋ, granola bars bee croissants ane amine kaŋa. United State noba la de weɛŋ ne simikãã koɔro, noba naŋ dire a, a ba paaloŋ poɔ e la ¢800 mileyuŋ yuoni boŋyeni poɔ.

Simi-zɔŋ

Atikile meŋa: Simi-zɔŋ

Simi-zuŋ e la boma baa naŋ maŋ de maale ne bondirii ka a terɛ faŋa.

Simie kãã pukyaare la ka terɛ faŋa, a maalo meŋ are la a yoŋ, a maalo taa la parɛɛ parɛɛ. Simi-zɔŋ kyaare faŋa aŋa 70% na, kyɛ dehulled kernels la ka ba maŋ de maale ne, o maŋ iri la a kãã ane a koɔ zaa bare, kyɛ kyɛre anaŋ naŋ ba la taa faŋa zaa a poɔŋ. Hydraulic ŋmɛnnoo, screw  ŋmɛnnoo, solvent ŋmɛnnoo , ane puori- ŋmɛnnoo a paaŋ de neŋ  solvent iribu la ka maŋ de iri ne a kãã, ka banaŋ wa baare a simi-zɔŋ yoŋ paaŋ kyɛre.

Latin America

Japanese simie waaloŋ, naŋ yi Mexiɔo

Simie gorɛɛ la  Peruvian ane Mexican cuisine poɔ, ba zaa maŋ kuli la taa. A seŋ Peru, bondiraa kaŋa yuori naŋ yi yaga la picante de cuy. Dobanɛne seɛraa ba naŋ maŋ de di neŋ simi-zɔŋ ( South America saaŋkompare bondiree la) a paale ne zamadaare ane garliɔ (ama meŋ yi a European cuisine). A  Peruvian city a  Arequipa poɔ, bondirii mine ba naŋ boɔlɔ ocopa , sɛmasɔŋ ane simikyẽẽ zɔŋ la ka ba maŋ ɛre lantaa (a teŋa noba ane paaloŋ deme mine zaa maŋ di) ne zamadaare, garlic, ane kãã de kyiriwaare nɛne bee daŋgeli. A damannaa kaŋa la fricassee banaŋ de puli neŋ bondirii na ba naŋ maŋ de kãã fẽẽ a maale ne bee a doge ne ane nɔnɛne. A bondirii ama la ka ba boɔlɔ ajíes, ka o tɛgɛ la “semaane toloŋ”, aŋa ají de pollo and ají de mariscos (seafood ajíes naŋ baŋ iri simie bare).  Mexico poɔ, ba maŋ de la maale neŋ saaŋkompare bondiyuo, aseŋ nɔnɛne neŋ seŋkãã zeɛre(encacahuatado), anaŋ meŋa la e zeɛre boma meŋa ba naŋ maŋŋ de maale a bondirii meŋa aseŋ pipián, mole poblano and oaxacan mole negro.

A gbaŋgbaaloŋ saŋa na a Peru poɔ, a Spanish noba de simie a leɛre ne biri zu a maŋ de maale neŋ ba saaŋkompare bondirii yaga zie a Spanish cuisine poɔ,  Aseŋ almonds ane pine bie, baŋ ɛre a e aŋa zuŋ a pulli neŋ nɛne, mui ane zɛvaarea maale ne mui seemaa.

A paaloŋ na zaa poɔ, gyamaa zie maŋ de maale bondi-fẽẽ ane simi-ɛre ka ba naa de sɔge noɔre kyɛ paaŋ kyɛlɛ a bondirii meŋa. A Mexico poɔ, o e la bondiraa kaŋa neɛzaa naŋ maale o boɔbo: nyaaroŋ bee nyennoŋ, "Japanese" peanuts, praline, enchilados bee a maale ka a noɔ waa ŋa saaŋkompare deme kyɛ ka ba de simi-ɛre ane seo anaŋ ka ba ,aŋ boɔle ka palanqueta ane  marzipan. Yitaa fẽẽ be la a Brazil simi-ɛre poɔ, anaŋ ka ba boɔlɔ  pé-de-moleque, maale ne simie ane molasses, anaŋ meŋ yitaa ne a India  chikki naŋ waalɛ.

West Asia

    Meŋ nyɛ: Israeli bonnoɔ ane bondi-fẽẽ

Crunchy coated peanuts, e la bondi-fẽẽ mine ba naŋ maŋ maale ne simie ka a e noɔ zaa ka ba koɔrɔ, ana ka noba maŋ boɔle ka kabukim kyɛ ka a israel noba meŋ boɔlɔ ka “snack) Kabukim, gbɛɛ yaga ba maŋ koɔraa la sitoɔ bɛre poɔ, be la ka maŋ simimaara ane bombie, aneazaa ka ba maŋ leŋ la eŋ bone poɔ. Zɔŋe, nyennoŋ bee nyaaroŋ, starch, lecithin, ane mine kaŋa sesame seeds la ka ba maŋ de maale ne. A yiibu zie meŋa la kabuk, ka o tɛgɛ la nutshell bee husk a Turkish kɔkɔre poɔ. A Isreael bondi kãã fẽẽ meŋ naŋ be a "American peanuts". A bondirii ama maaloo maŋ e la fẽẽ lɛ ka o doŋŋmɛrebo e tuo.

Bamba puff e la a bondiraa kaŋa naŋ pore a Israel poɔ. A waaloŋ yitaa neŋ a Cheez Doodles, kyɛ ama eŋ simie ane kamaana la ka ba de maale ne.

Southeast Asia

Simie meŋ pore la a Southeast Asian paaloŋ poɔ, aseŋ Malaysia, Vietnam, ane Indonesia, ama la ka ba maŋ de maale neŋ sauce a be poɔ. Philippines paaloŋ poɔ la ka simie a yi wa Indonesia paaloŋ poɔ be la ka a yuori legume a meŋ maale a yi Mexico paaloŋ a saŋa ka a Spanish deme da kaara ba. A Philippines, noba bondiraa kaŋa banaŋ maŋ de simie a maale ne la kare-kare, nɛne ane simi ɛre la ka ba maŋ de maale neŋ. A yi ba naŋ maŋ de maaale ne bondirii, kyeene simie ana yoŋ e bone a naŋ pore a Philippines paaloŋ poɔ ka a yɛlɛ bee daa ba e tuo. A simie e la bone naŋ pore  

Zlaŋgbuli

simie yiwaabo zie e la West Africa kyɛ a zie na ba na maŋ kɔ a e Sub-Saharan Africa's warm tropics. Simie maŋ maale la soŋ zie na seŋkãã naŋ maala, azuiŋ ba maŋ de la gyamaa yi neŋ Kwara state, a Nigeria sapare ane Ghana sapare.

Enfuomo

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  Roasted Peanuts with shell
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  A warning sign for the presence of peanuts and peanut dust
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  Arachis hypogaea flower
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  Peanut pegs penetrating the ground
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  Textural detail
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  Developing pods of peanut
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  Track-type peanut harvester
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  Harvesting peanuts by hand (Haiti, 2012)
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  A bowl of sev mamra, consisting of puffed rice, peanuts and fried seasoned noodles
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  Peanut sweet known as chikki made from peanuts and jaggery

Meŋ kaa kyɛ

• Aflatoxin
• African Groundnut Council
• BBCH-scale (peanut)
• Beer Nuts
• Columbian exchange
• Cracker nuts
• Ground nut soup
• List of peanut dishes
• List of edible seeds
• Peanut pie
• Power snack
• Tanganyika groundnut scheme]], a failure started in 1951
• Universal Nut Sheller

Nimitɔɔre karemmo

• Beasley, John (2019). "Peanuts". New Georgia Encyclopedia; 49% of the American peanut crop is grown in the state of Georgia.
• Cumo, Christopher, ed. (2015). Foods That Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present. Facts on File.
• Hammons, R. O. (1994). "The origin and history of the groundnut" in The groundnut crop: a scientific basis for improvement. Springer Netherlands. pp. 24–42.
• Hughes, Meredith Sayles (1999). Spill the Beans and Pass the Peanuts: Legumes. Lerner.
• Johnson, Sylvia A. (1997). Tomatoes, Potatoes, Corn, and Beans: How the Foods of the Americas Changed Eating around the World. Atheneum Books.
• Krampner, Jon (2013). Creamy and Crunchy: An Informal History of Peanut Butter, the All-American Food. Columbia University Press.
• Singh, B., and U. Singh (1991). "Peanut as a Source of Protein for Human Foods". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 41:165–177.
• Skolnick, Helen S., et al. (2001). "The Natural History of Peanut Allergy". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 107.2:367–374.
• Smith, Andrew F. (2002). Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea. University of Illinois Press.
• Smart, J. (1994). The Groundnut Crop: A Scientific Basis for Improvement. Chapman and Hall.
• United States Bureau of Agricultural Economics (1947). Peanuts in Southern Agriculture.
• Variath, Murali T., and P. Janila (2017). "Economic and Academic Importance of Peanut". The Peanut Genome pp. 7–26.