Kunqu

Kunqu

kunqu

opera genre

Subclass of	Chinese opera
Country of origin	People's Republic of China
Intangible cultural heritage status	Jiangsu Province Intangible Cultural Heritage, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004
Practiced by	Kunqu actor

kunqu

opera genre

Subclass of	Chinese opera
Country of origin	People's Republic of China
Intangible cultural heritage status	Jiangsu Province Intangible Cultural Heritage, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004
Practiced by	Kunqu actor

kunqu

opera genre

Subclass of	Chinese opera
Country of origin	People's Republic of China
Intangible cultural heritage status	Jiangsu Province Intangible Cultural Heritage, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004
Practiced by	Kunqu actor

kunqu

opera genre

Subclass of	Chinese opera
Country of origin	People's Republic of China
Intangible cultural heritage status	Jiangsu Province Intangible Cultural Heritage, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004
Practiced by	Kunqu actor

Kunqu(Chinese: 崑曲), meŋ ba naŋ boɔlɔ (崑劇), K'un-ch'ü, Kun opera bee Kunqu Opera e Chinese yieluŋ kɔre kaŋa naŋ e a yieluŋ gɔɔloŋ kaŋa Kunshan, deme yieluŋ, a  Wu saakonnoo ziere mine  a leɛ wa  yaare Chinese  deme a yi a 16th dakoroŋ na a te ta a 18th dakoroŋ na. O yuori meŋ da boɔle la  a yieluŋ naŋ taa ŋmeɛo noɔre nensaaloŋ saakonnoo a noba  UNESCO deme zie[1].Wei Liangfu [zh] ba naŋ boɔlɔ Kunqu naŋ taa noɔre kpeɛo sããkonnoo yieluŋ gɔɔloŋ,  [2] kyɛ nyɛ yuori a Liang Chenyunaŋ de gɔɔloŋ naŋ be Huansha i boŋŋmeɛre ( Kaao gɔɔloŋ ). [3]  A yuoni 2006, o yuori da poɔ la teŋɛ saakonnoo noba poɔ. A yuoni 2008 ba da de la noba naŋ areko ba sããkonnoo.  December 2018,  a neɛ naŋ kaara a zannoo yɛlɛ yeli ka Peking  univaniti e la bone baŋ naŋ de ko ba Chinese  Kunqu sããkonnoo [4] .

Kunqu maŋ de la boŋŋmeɛre  naŋ kono a ŋa yieluŋ ne Qu flute,  mi woŋ ata ne a boŋŋmeɛre na naŋ tuuro, : o e la yieluŋ naŋ sagera "Zhongzhou Rhyme."

Dakoroŋ

Gu Jian,  yeli ka Kunshan de la yieluŋ ko Yuan dynasty A Kunqu deɛdeɛ deɛ la Hu Sanniang deɛne a Peking univaniti poɔ.

Gu Jian, allegedly a transmitter of the Kunshan music in the Yuan dynasty

A Kunqu performer's portrayal of Hu Sanniang

Kunqu performance at the Peking University

Kunqu gɔne sage ka a baara a Ming Dynasty wagere  a yi Wei Laiangfu [zh](魏良輔) naŋ yi Taicang poɔ, kyɛ a yieluŋ naŋ piele  Kunshan zuiŋ (5) Wei maale Kunshan  gɔne nyɛ la yieluŋ naŋ yi Haiyan (海鹽)  naŋ piele Hanghou ne Yiyang  (弋陽)  Jiangxi; meŋ lanne la a nanxi lanleebo, naŋ de de daa boŋŋmeɛre, ne a northern zaju, be la miwoŋ boŋŋmeɛre maŋ be. Ba maale Kunshan gɔne naŋ nommo ba na maŋ boɔle ka " koɔ miri" gɔne   (水磨調, shuimo diao). A Kunqu gɔɔloŋ naŋ yi yieluŋ, seɛrɛ  bee boŋŋmeɛre kaara meŋ da maale la  Silken  Gause (浣紗記, Huan Sha Ji) naŋ yi Liang Chenyu (梁辰魚) ba naŋ dɔge o  Kunshan   a de Kunshan gɔne gɔɔloŋ.[6] Kunqu e la chuanqi,kyɛ ka o waabo  taa da ta noba zaa a kyɛ ka ayi soba e Chinese deme wagere na boŋŋmeɛre.

Kunqu gɔɔloŋ gyamaa naŋ baŋ ne o e la Peony sɛgebo  Tang Xianzu deme naŋ sɛge. O tontonne  tɔna la ama , emaaroŋ yɛlɛ, ne nyɔvore ba baara yɛlɛ. Kunqu deɛne maŋ tuo vɛŋ ka noba yaga seɛ gɔɔloŋ seɛre Chinese yieluŋ paalaa zaa, a paa poɔ ne Peking  gɔɔloŋ,  naŋ taa Kunqu boŋŋmeɛre zaa.

Ba da baŋ ne la Kunqu ka Yabu(雅部, "elegant drama"),  ka o da waa kyakya a yi a gɔɔloŋ parɛɛ na zaa ( aseŋ  Shaanxi gɔɔloŋ,  Clapper gɔɔloŋ  Yiyang gune,Peking gɔɔloŋ  ane a mine kaŋa.) naŋ leɛ Huabu(花部, "flowery drama"),  ne a tɔna,   Kunqu bompeɛle naŋ e bokora naŋ daa leɛ seŋ la 19th dakoroŋ na. Ane  lɛ zaa a 20th dakoroŋ piiluu, neɛ naŋ nɔŋ noba  da la maaleŋ maale  la Kunqu ka  da la  kɔɔre a noba zie.

A ŋa a sããkonnoo saa naŋ yi Chinese gɔɔloŋ, Kunqu de la puori dɔŋɛɛ a yi  a dakoroŋ wagere  ne a noba naŋ da ba sagera na wagre a yi a Western dakoroŋ wagre a polisiri waabo zuiŋ, ba na da nyɛ la kyilluu  naŋ ba poɔrɔ a yelpaaba ŋa eŋ.

Zenɛ, Kunqu  gɔɔloŋ deɛdeɛne naŋ e Mainland Chinese ayɔpoi tenne.  Beijing ( Northern Kunqu  gɔɔloŋ), Shanghai ( Shanghai Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Suzhou (Suzhou Kunqu  gɔɔloŋ), Nanjing (Jiangsu Province Kun Opera), Chenzhou (Hunan Kunqu gɔɔloŋ ), Yongjia County/Wenzhou (Yongjia Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Nanjing (Jiangsu Province Kun Opera), Chenzhou (Hunan Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Yongjia County/Wenzhou (Yongjia Kunqu Theater) ne Hangzhou (Zhejiang Province Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), ka waa ŋa  Taipei.  naŋ ba baŋ  opera naŋ tendaa taa la doɔne a tenne mine active in many naŋ be China ne naasaale tenne  lanne ba naŋ maŋ wa tasoga yɔkaara zie.

A yuoni 1919 Mei Lanfang ne Han Shichang Kunqu  seɛseɛrɛ, gaa  Japan  te seɛ a yuoni 1930, Mei seɛ Kunqu a United  State  ne a Soviet  lammo naŋ nyɛ.

O noɔ bee gɔne e la anaare pare  Melodies  Chinese.

A yuoni 2006, Zhou Bing da waa la bonmaala kyɛ la waa neɛ naŋ kaara toma Kunqu gɔɔloŋ yɛlɛ ( Kun Opera) o nyɛ la kyɔɔtaare a 12th China TV Golden Eagle kyɔɔtaare; o nyɛ la kyɔɔtaare a TV Art Features of 21st Starlight a yuoni 2006.

Kunqu gɔɔloŋ e la saakonnoo yelkaama a Han noba naŋ be China, gaŋ a zaa a yelkaama gɔɔloŋ. Ba boɔlɔ o la " orchid"  a ture nengyamaa poɔ.

Kunqu gɔɔloŋ e la zoŋ yieluŋ, yieluŋ kyeɛbo, seɛre, zɔɔri yelkaama. Ba baŋ ne o la yieluŋ naŋ nommo yaga, garaseɛ gɔɔloŋ  deɛne. O e la a gɔɔloŋ kaŋa a Southern opera waaloŋ  ba naŋ boɔlɔ" saakonnoo ture opera". Kunqu opera de la  boŋŋmeɛre  yieluŋ   laleebo,  ne Qudi  naŋ e miwoŋ boŋŋmwɛre.

Bammo

Kunqu gɔɔloŋ da poɔ la a noɔre yelbie nensaaloŋ sããkonnoo  na poɔ a yi UNESCO  a yuouni 2001 poɔ, meŋ da poɔ a noɔre dakoroŋ na nenesaaloŋ  saakonnoo  a yuoni 2008 naŋ.[8][9][10]

A yuoni 2018 December kyuu poɔ, a neɛ naŋ kaara gane zane yɛlɛ ofiri poɔ la ba ka yeli Peking univanit yɛlɛ ka o a piiluu ko a Chinese sããkonnoo [4]

Chinese da seɛ la  Kunqu opera seɛre    a yuoni 2009 sããkonnoo

A  November kyuu a 2019 yuoni poɔ, a teŋɛ maale  saakonnoo ," a northern kunqu  opera gɔɔloŋ, nensaaleba namine be irigyin naŋ be a tɛge, jiangsu irigyin naŋ be a teŋɛ poɔ, ba laŋkpolo naŋ erɛ a yelkaama. co., LTD., Shanghai namine, naŋ maŋ nyɛ naa maŋ nyɛ la kunqu oper ChuanXiSuo ( zhejiang), China sakuuri da poɔ la a yelkaama" kunqu opera" poɔ.(clarify) A September kyuu a 2022 poɔ, yelpaae (Yongjia Kunqu Opera Training Institute).ba emmo zuiŋ,  fee na ba naŋ kaara ba da leɛ ko la yuori ka Yongja kunqu opera Troupe e (Yongjia Kunqu Opera Training lammo).

Waaloŋ

Kunqu opera waaloŋ waa ŋa buge na. Yieluŋ kyeɛbu meŋ maŋ waa ŋa a buge, a opera tɛɛtɛɛloŋ na baŋ tere la deɛ zagelaa a yi a neɛzaa deɛne zie. Kyɛ a waa ziere a naare ba naŋ wuli a waaloŋ: kɔkɔre, zuluŋ, enfuoni, nimikaare.A tɛɛtɛɛloŋ meŋa naŋ be Nankun ne Beikun ba e noba naŋ lantaa yieluŋ bee seɛre poɔ aroozie , ka a yieluŋ be la southern bee northern.  Kunqu Qupai yieluŋ  na baŋ poŋ eŋ la noɔre  qupai ne Qupai boŋŋmeɛre  a yi ba eebo zie. A meɛroŋ kpoŋ naŋ be a eroŋ  e la yieluŋ noɔ, maale la lommo lanne yieluŋ ne seɛre a kɔre .

A Kunqu opera waaloŋ  a eroŋ  taa la yieluŋ noɔ, maale lammo,  lanne yieluŋ,  seɛre, teɛroŋ a kɔre.  Kunqu opera waa la yieluŋ ne seɛre lammo  naŋ e a eroŋ ŋa gbɛɛ yaga a maŋ saa la a eroŋ a neɛ zaa naŋ erɛ kyɛ ka a naŋ baŋ e la nyageroŋ  na baŋ poŋ eŋ la ziere ayi:  a kaŋa la  bonsoŋ ka neɛ wa seɛre bee yieluŋ noɔ, naŋ e superb seɛre kyɛ e bone naŋ sommo naŋ naŋ taa noɔ. A opera kunqu seɛre da taa la saakonnoo kyɛ taa noba yelerree  maŋ yitaa, ba  seɛre ne ba yieluŋ ba naŋaŋ seɛ, aseŋ ka neɛ baŋ a neɛ naŋ maana a seɛre.  Seɛre yaga zaa maŋ maŋ kaa a mannoo maŋ waa la seɛre na naŋ maŋ maale ne boŋŋmeɛre, ka  a waa boŋŋmeɛre naŋ manne a seɛre senselloŋ. Bone ba naŋ maŋ pɛge a eebozie ne yieluŋ naŋ nomma ne seɛreyieluŋ  gbɛɛ yaga maŋ maale la naŋ seɛre meŋa naŋ wulu a yieluŋ zaa yieluu ne a seɛre.

A Nianbai kunqu meŋ taa la la o waaloŋ bonso o maale yi la Wuzhong, azuiŋ o kɔkɔre taa la Wu Nong kɔkɔbaaloŋ na. A zaa poɔ, Harlequin meŋ taa la a kɔkɔbele a yi a Wu kɔkɔbele na zie, a mine la;Su, Bai,Yanzhou Bai,ane a mine kaŋa. A kɔkɔre ba naŋ maŋ dire ne demɛ a Wuzhong paaloŋ taa nyɔvotɔɔre soŋ ka a maŋ ta soŋa yeli Allegro gɔɔloŋ naŋ e o tɔɔraa. A poɔ meŋ, kunqu opera taa la a kune tɔɔraa yelbie, duolo, lanleebo, ane a mine kaŋa, naŋ lantaa a maale yieluŋ.

Maaloozie

Kunqu opera pɔŋ eŋ la ziere ata; sinian, horn ne hone kɔrɔ.[1]  bonso a kun kure e la a Southern opera deni, o tɔna la a toma a Southern opera naŋ tɔna,kyɛ nyɔge a Southern zaju wogiroŋ, a derɛ a sheng kɔkɔkpoŋ.  Dan, Jing, Mei, Chou, yi ne kyɛ mare a gɔɔloŋ ayɔpoi [11]. Huan Sha Ji [12] tonkurɔ saa ŋa a waaloŋ na a kun opera piilee. A poɔ a duolo ayɔpoi a Southern opera, o maŋ oɛge la a Zaju eebo a Yuan Dynasty. A eebo mine maŋ dɛɛ waa kun opera kure Kangxi wagera, Qing Dynasty da tɔna la. A kun opera maale biŋ la a meɛroŋ pie ne ayi bare ne buli poɔ. A Qianlong, kunqu opera wagere na,kunqu opera yuori da yiri la ka a yelkaama eebo da dosaa ,  ka yelpaaba meŋ da kpɛ a meɛroŋ poɔ. A yelkaama eebo baabo zuiŋ a kun toma pogebu da la maaleŋ saaŋɛɛ la. A yi a Jia ne Dao a kun opera toma lanne a bare ne a buli pie ne ayi kaabo poge la a toma. A yi a mie lanuu, Shang,  Dan, Jing, Mo ne Cjou,[4] mie lezare mine meŋ yi a la, ka ba boɔlɔ " pama lezare "

Kun opera sããkonnoo bageneba gbɛɛ yaga deɛdeɛmɛ  pie ne ba nii ba naŋ boɔlɔ"18 net" kyɛ ka mine fee taa lezare ne bayɔpoi deɛdeɛmɛ. Gyamaa zaa taa la deɛdeɛmɛ pie a deɛne tɔnnoɔre na baŋ leɛre ko la deɛdeɛmɛ  na naŋ piele. A deɛdeɛmɛ pie ŋa maŋ baŋ waa " ten court column" ka  ana la ; laafeeloŋ, bonsuuri laafeeloŋ, nenkureba, baaraa, kpeɛŋɔ[11]. A deɛne noba naŋ baŋ ne mine la; Kuroo, sakuuri biiri, Zhengdan a ne a mine a naare.

Kun duolo zaa taa la o meŋɛ baabo ne o eebo. A gɔɔloŋ eebo kɔkɔre la maŋ maale kunqu opera deɛne a yi a waaloŋ meŋɛ narebo ne yeg naŋ are ziyeni sere ka o deɛ.

Eebozie eroŋ

A waa la ziere ata; bondaabonsuuri,gɔɔloŋ  ne waaloŋ vilaa,  ane boma ba naŋ pɛge ne nimitɔɔre waaloŋ [zh]. A naŋ poɔ a saakonnoo bonsuuri gɔɔloŋ opera waaloŋ na e la Yuan ne Ming Dynasty,  a kunqu opera yeltuuri mine yietaa ne a bonsuuri na naŋ da yaare a teŋɛ a wagre na. A da maŋ saa la a deɛne poɔ. Sogyare da maŋ taa la ba mine yitaa bonsuuri meŋ  naŋ waa a tɔɔraa a seŋ a teŋɛ  saakonnoo.  " Facebook " la ka ba maŋ de la a intanenti ayi ne a faare yɛlɛ toɔle eŋ a be. Deɛdeɛmɛ fee lɛ la maŋ yi Sheng ane Dan kyɛ meŋ maŋ waa kaapɔge yɛlɛ, a ŋmaa naa ne Zhong Wuyan (Dan) kyɛ ka a waaloŋ waa seɛ, pilaa, ne sogelaa.

A yi yuomo ba naŋ maŋ nare a,  kunqu opera deɛne maale soŋ ka a deɛne ŋa nyɛ arezisonne a Chinese opera poɔ, a lɛzuiŋ,  Chinese opera deɛdeɛmɛ naŋ  baara lo  opera, kyɛ ka opera gyamaa nyɛ arezisonne, a kunqu opera zie.

Tɔna

Kunqu opera la a boŋŋmɛkure kaŋa a Ckina poɔ lanne ne deɛne naŋ taa sagediibu a yi a piiluu a waana ŋaa, a yi a wagere leɛbo,  a sɛgebo, a kɔkɔre ane a deɛne maŋ kyille la a kunqu opera. A la waana meŋ, ba baŋ ne o la " bone naŋ vuorɔ" naŋ ba taa kyilluu yaga kyɛ taa saakonnoo  waaloŋ. O e la dakoroŋ  opera na kaŋa a tendaazaa wa tɔ ŋaa o meŋ la areko la Han teŋɛ.

Irigyini

A Kunban deɛne yelterre naŋ bebe azuiŋ a Wanhi yuoni baaraa, Kunqu opera meŋ da poɔ la a Beijing ne Hunan a yi a Yangzhou naŋ nyɛ a wie a kɔkɔrɛɛ zaa poɔ baa da waa a yielɛkpoŋ a sɛgere poɔ. " Yiele anaare fere waa la Zong Wumen" A Ming Dynasty baaraa ne a Qing Dynasty piiluu,  kunqu opera yaare la Sichuan, Guizhou,ne Guengdong ne o baabo da waa la a teŋɛ boŋŋmeɛre.  A kunqu opera kyeɛbo da maŋ yi la Wu kɔkɔre boɔlɔɔ kyɛ o naŋ wa piile ziere mine o da lanne la a teŋɛ kɔkɔrɛɛ mine ne yieluŋ kurɔ parɛɛ naŋ e gyamaa naŋ lantaa a maale kunqu naŋ somma kyɛ areko a opera deme zaa. A Qaianlang wagere na,a Qing Dynasty baabo a kunqu opera kpɛ la ziere,  a yi a lɛ kunqu opera naŋ piile yaara la naŋ kure ta yuomo kɔɔre ata ne kɔɔre ayɔpoi a waa a boŋkure naŋ taa China saakonnoo a teŋɛ zaa.

A Kunshan kyeɛbo da piile yaara a ziere naŋ da ba tara Suzhou ziere,  a Wanli wagere,. O da gaare te ta la Yangtze  baa me Qiaantan baa ka Suzhou e a soga kyɛ meŋ zo te ta Beijing a Wanli wagera na. A Qing Dynasty, a Kangxi naa da nɔŋ la kunqu opera naŋ vɛŋ ka o la maaleŋ yaare. A ŋaa zuiŋ,  Kunshan kyeɛbo da taa la wulibu a yi Ming Dynasty te ta Qing Dynasty soga.

Fujian

Ming Wani wager (1573-1619) sere ka Fujian piile. A Kunshan Fuijan kɔkɔre piiluu da e la a yuoni1574 poɔ kunqu opera da de la Fujian zaa a wulibu kaŋa a Fujian opera poɔ.

A nemburi deɛne naŋ yi Cao Xuefu[ zh ] a Ming Dynasty baaraa a noɔre meŋa yelerree " Douqiang" taa la Kunshan waaloŋ mine, aseŋ; Ziyuchai naŋ areko a bombelii e la " gɔne pie me ata". Kunqu opera meŋ waa ŋa laŋkpole kyeɛbo na. Qianlong naa yuomo lezare ne pie ne ata (1770),  Jiariou teŋɛ naŋ maale Zhai Ya Lin Qu dentaa zane la Kunshan kyeɛbo ba naŋ baŋ ne o " gɔne gyamaa kyeɛbo "

Zhejiang

Kunqu opera ba naŋ baŋ ne o " Cao kun ne jin kun"waa la kunqu opera meŋ tɔɔraa a waa Jinhua ziere  a Zhejiang. A kyilluu a bonsuuri ne a kɔkɔre noɔ zuiŋ a deɛne yeltuuri naŋ waa tɔɔre zuiŋ, kɔrebo la maŋ waa ba kyɛlekyɛlebe gyamaa  a kɔkɔre yuori la maaleŋ yiri la. Ba deɛ la ka kultaa deɛne naŋ taa kaama yi Ming Dynasty.  O nyɛ la kyɛlekyɛlebe opera Wu.Kunqu opera la a Quzhou bee a Jinhua yel-enne.

Eroŋ

. Mei Lanfang

. Zhang Jiqing

. Hua Wenyi

. Yan. Huizhu

. Zhang Jun

Toma ba naŋ baŋ ne

. A " peony pavilion "( Tang Xianzu)

. A eŋmaaroŋ toma ( Kong Shangren)

. A zie naŋ taa nyɔvoretɔɔre ( Hong Sheng)

. A "Western Mansion"  ( Southern tɔɔrevmaŋ yi Wang Shifu Zaju)

. A kɔkɔre eebo a Dou E ( naŋ yi Guan Hanqing Zaju)

. A " Kite ( Li Yu)