Koodiyattam
| Koodiyattam | |
|---|---|
 Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar and his troupe performing Thoranayudham (part of Bhasa's play Abhiṣeka Nataka based on the epic Ramayana) Koodiyattam (1962, Chennai)
| |
| Medium | Sanskrit theatre with Koothu |
| Originating culture | Kerala |
| Originating era | Sangam era |
| Country | India  |
|---|---|
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, National List for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00010, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00010, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00010 |
Koodiyattam (Malayalam: കൂടിയാട്ടം; IAST: kūṭiyāṭṭaṁ; lit. 'combined act') waa la a saaŋkompare deɛne waaloŋ kaŋa naŋ a paaoŋ Kerala, India. O waa la deɛne ŋa naŋ lanne a saaŋkompare Sanskrit theatre aneŋ a Koothu yeli ere mine, saaŋkompare deɛne waaloŋ kaŋa naŋ yi a Sangam era. O da nyɛ sagebo yi a UNESCO a te paare a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity gansɛge biŋ poɔŋ.[1]
O yizie piiloo[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Koodiyattam, muni bee tɛgɛ la a "combined acting" a Malayalam kɔkɔre poɔŋ, pare la a Sanskrit theatre deɛne ne a koothu deɛne deɛmbo mine. Saaŋkompare poɔŋ ba maŋ deɛŋ o la ŋmen deri poore deɛŋdeɛŋ ziiri ka ba boɔla ka koothambalams. O waa la a saaŋkompare deɛne ŋa yoŋ naŋ nambibe o vooroo poɔŋ a yi a saaŋkompare Sanskrit theatre eŋaŋ. O taa la dabaŋkoroŋ sɛge biŋ aŋa yuomo thousand naŋ pare a yi Kerala, kyɛ o yizie piiloo eŋ ka neɛ zaa naŋ ba baŋ. Koodiyattam aneŋ Chakyar koothu meŋ zaa da maŋ pare la a India saaŋkompare ŋmempuori die poore deɛne poɔŋ, agaŋazaa a Kerala. A koodiyattam aneŋ Chakyar koothu ayi ŋa zaa yizi piiloo da te yi la a koothu saaŋkompare deɛne poɔ, aŋa yuori naŋ pore boɔbo poɔŋ a yi a Sangam literature poɔ, aneŋ a epigraphs ko Pallava meŋ naŋ da wa wa puoriŋ, Pandiyan, Chera, aneŋ Chola wɔgre ne mine. Sɛgre naŋ te kyaare a koothu naŋ na baŋ nyɛ yi la a ŋmepuori deri ko Tanjore, Tiruvidaimaruthur, Vedaranyam, Tiruvarur, aneŋ Omampuliyur. Ba da nyɛ la ka a waa ŋmempuori yelinimizeere mine, a la pare a yiele yi Tevaram aneŋ Prabandam hymns. [citation needed]
Boŋmeɛre[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Saaŋkompare yɛlɛ poɔŋ, boŋmeɛre meŋa na ba naŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ ne a koodiyattam seɛre poɔŋ la a ama mizhavu, kuzhitalam, edakka, kurumkuzhal, aneŋ sankhu. A mizhavu, ona la a boŋme gaŋdaa a yi ataa na poɔ, waa la a percussion boŋmeɛraa ka ŋmɛŋmeɛrɛ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a Ambalavas Nambiar caste poɔ saŋa, ka a Nangyaramma maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a kuzhithalam (a cymbal parɛɛ kaŋa) tu o puoriŋ.
A deɛne staale mine[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Saaŋkompare poɔŋ, koodiyattam deɛne noba naŋ taa sɔre ka ba deɛnɛ o la a Chakyars ( subcaste kaŋa naŋ yi Kerala Hindus) aneŋ a Nangyaramma (pɔgeba naŋ yi a Ambalavasi Nambiar caste). A yuori "koodiyattam" ŋa, muni bee pare la lantaa deɛnɛ, ka teɛroo ka deɛŋdeɛŋeba yaga la maŋ lantaa deɛnɛ o a gɔɔ poɔŋ ane lantuubo ne a ŋmeɛbo yi a mizhavu gaŋga ŋmeɛreba ŋmeɛboŋ. Gbɛɛ yaga, o na la baŋ la waa la yeli ere mɔlɔ lɛ yi a Sanskrit deɛne poɔ saŋa na deɛŋdeɛna yeni kaŋa naŋ deɛŋ a solo deɛne lɛɛ teŋsogri yaga kyɛ ka a deɛŋdeɛneba kaŋa la wa paare o eŋaŋ.[2]
A yuomo 1960s piiloo sɛŋ Maria Christoffer Byrski, Polish sakuubie kaŋa naŋ da erɛ o resɛɛkye peɛpeɛre yɛlɛ a yi a Indian theatres a Banaras Hindu University, zanne la koodiyattam laŋ ne Mani Madhava Chakyar kyɛ waa a non-Chakyar/nambiar dɛŋdɛŋ soba ŋa naŋ da zanne a deɛne ŋa. O da zanne yi la a Guru die a Killikkurussimangalam kyɛ la zanne a Gurukula saaŋkonoŋ yɛlɛ. [citation needed]
A deɛŋdeɛŋ gaŋdaare mine[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
- Mani Madhava Chakyar
- Ammannur Madhava Chakyar, k'o e neɛ a yuomo 1980s poɔ sɛŋ waa a koodiyattam deɛŋdeɛnɛ dɛŋdɛŋ soba a deɛŋ o ko donɛɛ deɛŋdeɛŋ kaareba deɛne saŋa.
- Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar, waa la a yuoni 1981 poɔ a dɛŋdɛŋ soba Residential Guru a Margi poɔŋ, zannoo zie ŋa naŋ maŋ sonna ka saaŋkopare bomaale bee deɛne kyaare Kerala yɛlɛ duoro saa. O da waa areba ko Ammannur Madhava Chakyar.
- Mani Damodara Chakyar, neɛ ŋa naŋ waa a Mani Madhava Chakkiar tutuuro aneŋ arebile, meŋ waa la a saaŋkompare devotional koodiyattams deɛŋdeɛnɛ.
O naŋ leɛ sigire[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Leɛkaa kyɛ meŋ[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Sommo yizie[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Naŋ kanna gɛrɛ[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
- Natyakalpadruma (1975), Kerala Sahitya Academy Award-di a dane kyaare Koodiyattam ka o sɛgrɛ da waa Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar, ka bageneba zaa da mare o nu.
- A Nātya Shāstra, saaŋkompare toma te kyaare ne dramatic theory ka Bharata Muni manna a Sanskrit theatre naŋ yi a Gupta Empire; Koodiyattam da soŋ gu la a deɛne staale mine aŋa noba naŋ sage di lɛ na ana saŋa ŋa.
- Abhinaya Darpana by Nandikeshvara, la waa a toma kaŋa te kyaare ne a dramatic theory ta manna ne a Nātya Shāstra yɛlɛ.
- Farley Richmond, Kutiyattam: Sanskrit Theater of India (University of Michigan Press, 2002). CD-ROM ka o taa vidieori aneŋ sɛgre manna o.
- Rajendran C, "A saaŋkomparee Sanskrit Theatre ko Kerala" (University of Calicut,1989)
- Virginie Johan, "Kuttu-Kutiyattam : théâtres classiques du Kerala". Revue d’histoire du théâtre 216, 2002-4: 365–382.
- Virginie Johan, "Pour un théâtre des yeux : l’exemple indien". Coulisses 33, 2006 : 259–274.
YeŋE linkiri[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]