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Ako Adjei

Yizie Wikipiideɛ
Ebenezer Ako-Adjei
nensaala
Dɔɔ bee pɔge bee dɔgebodɔɔ Maale eŋ
Dɔgebo paaloŋGhana Maale eŋ
Yo-ennaa bee yoporaaEbenezer Maale eŋ
Dɔgebo bebiri17 Gyoone 1916 Maale eŋ
Dɔgebo zieEastern irigyin Maale eŋ
Kūū bebiri14 Gyɛnoɔre 2002 Maale eŋ
Place of deathAccra Maale eŋ
Kɔkɔyelii, sɛge ne bee goligoluuBɔrefɔ Maale eŋ
TonnoɔrePɔleteesa, diplomat, lɔɔyɛ, minister Maale eŋ
VoaraaMinister for Foreign Affairs, Member of the Parliament of Ghana, Minister of Justice of Ghana, Minister for the Interior of Ghana, Member of the 2nd Parliament of the Gold Coast Maale eŋ
Zanne laLincoln University, Columbia University, Hampton University, Accra Academy Maale eŋ
Politikal paati mɛmbaConvention People's Party Maale eŋ
Ŋmene bee sagediibuPresbyterianism, Kiristaaloŋ Maale eŋ
Ako Adjei Avenue

Ako Adjei (dogebo bebiri la 17 Gyoone 1916 – 14 Gyɛnoɔre 2002 poɔ),[1] da waa la a Gaana statesman, Pɔleteesa, Lɔɔya ane duori-terɛ. O waa la a United Gold Coast Convention bie kaŋa aneŋ a nembɛrɛ bayɔɔbo na kaŋa ba naŋ da pɔge pagebo dieŋ saŋa na a Gaana naŋ zɔɔrɔ boɔra sommeŋɛ yire a Britain paaloŋ sɛŋ na, noba gbuli ŋa ba naŋ da boɔlɔ ka The Big Six.[2][3] Adjei leɛ la begemaale (MP) a e a Convention People's Party bie 1954 poɔ a da be ministerial ɔfere poɔ te ta 1962 aŋa o naŋ da e Minisa ko Paaloŋ Yobo Yɛltarre ka ba da ko o babambo dɔgeroŋ kyaare ne a Kulungugu bomb attack.[4]

Ba dɔge o la Adjeikrom poɔ, kore bile naŋ be a Akyem Abuakwa gbaŋgbale poɔ, Ako Adjei nyɛ la o yuniveniti ganzanne a United States poɔ ane a United Kingdom. O naŋ wa zanne tuuree poɔ baare, o da leɛ wa la yiri na poɔ a Gold Coast's gbɛdegere na bɔ politikal Sommeŋɛ a lɛ la ka o da kpɛ a United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) a e paati bie kaŋa . Ako Adjei da e la nenzu Kwame Nkrumah naŋ da de o wuli a Ghana politikal vuo poɔ saŋa na o naŋ da wa ire o ka e gansɛgerɛ ko neŋkpoŋ ko a UGCC paati .[5]

Ghana Sommeŋɛ nyaabo poɔ, Ako Adjei toŋ la politikal vori tɛɛtɛɛ poɔ naŋ poɔ a Minisa fɔrɔ ko Interior ane Justice ko a paaloŋ dɔge paalaa, Ghana. O la leɛ la Ghana Minisa fɔrɔ ko paaloŋ yobo yeltarre saŋa na ana tonnoɔre na naŋ da wa leɛre a yi Minisa ko lɔŋyiri yeltarre gaa Minisa ko paaloŋ yobo yeltarre Mɛnoɔre 1961 poɔ. Ako Adjei's politikal dompole ane a lɛ zaa da ŋmaa la ŋmaa lɛ saŋa na ba naŋ da wa nyɔge o ka o nare la teɛroŋ faa kyaare ne ana wagere na yidaandɔɔ Kwame Nkrumah a Kulungugu bomb attack eŋɛ 1962 poɔ.

Saŋa na ba naŋ da wa yuo o bare a 1966 poɔ, Ako Adjei nyɔvore yɛlɛ zaa da ba la yi gbaŋgbale. Noba da ba la nyɛ o bee woŋ o yɛlɛ a Ghana paaloŋ ane poletese yɛlɛ poɔ. O da leɛ la o hakelɛ kyaare o yideme ane o dompole naŋ e lɔɔ zanna. 1992 poɔ, o da yinne la Ghana yɛroŋ erɛ ane statesman George Grant nyɔvore yɛlɛ gbaŋgbale.[6] 1997 poɔ ba da ko la Ako Adjei Officer of the Order of the Star of Ghana kyɔɔtaa – paaloŋ emmo kyɔɔta tegeroŋ yi a Republic of Ghana ne o " kyɛɛroo a Ghana Sommeŋɛ zɔɔ boɔbo poɔ". Ako Adjei kpie la 2002 poɔ saŋa na o naŋ da wa bɛ ka a ba kɔɔre.[7]

Nyɔvore Piiluu ane Ganzanne

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Gold Coast

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Ba dɔge la Ako Adjei 17 Gyoone 1916 poɔ Adjeikrom poɔ a Akyem Abuakwa teŋɛ poɔ.[5] Adjeikrom e la koɔbo laŋyiri naŋ be a Eastern Irigyiŋ poɔ, Ghana (ana saŋa na Gold Coast). O saa da la Samuel Adjei, koɔraa ane dadire, neɛ Ako Adjei's dɔge zie yuori naŋ di, ane o ma da la Johanna Okaile Adjei. A o dɔgereba bayi zaa bayi la lɛ, zinzie/kpɛzie naŋ peɛle a mane noɔre Accra poɔ. O taa la beɛremine ane kpeɛmine yaga kyɛ da e a o saa biiri Parebaara soba.[8][9]

O ganzanne piili la a Eastern Irigyiŋ poɔ a Busoso Railway Primary School poɔ, zie o naŋ maŋ kyɛŋ malɛ pie ne anaare 14 gaa sakuuri a la leɛ wa. Ba da wa de o la gaa Accra poɔ o naŋ te kyogi o ganzanne a Presbyterian gyuunia hae sakuuri poɔ ka o piili karenderi ata poɔ. O da ba toɔna yele a Ga kɔkɔre naŋ da e o ma kɔkɔre, ane a lɛ zaa, o da na baŋ kanne la kyɛ sɛge Twi a yeli Dangme. O kyogi gaa la a La Presbyterian Siinia Sakuuri te ta 1933 o naŋ da wa te ta Standard Six. Maakye 1933 poɔ o da di la sombo kyɔɔtaa na zanne Christ Church Grammar School poɔ, Sommeŋɛ sɛkɔndere sakuuri naŋ da are ka o pɔge. O leɛ gaa la a La Presbyterian Siinia Sakuuri o naŋ da wa dnyɛ kyuugbuli a Christ Church Grammar School poɛ bonso o da ba nɔŋ a sakuuri.[9]

A lɛ la ka o saa da leɛ o teɛroŋ de o gaane a Accra Academy, ana saŋa na Sommeŋɛ sɛkɔndere sakuuri naŋ moorɔ ka o te nyaga yi dɔɔbilii yɛroŋ sombo. Kyɛpire 1933 poɔ o da kpɛ la a Accra Academy a da nɔŋ a be. O da maŋ kyɛŋ la malɛ anaare yi gaa Jamestown (zie a sakuuri naŋ da be ana wagere na), o naŋ da koŋ baŋ yɔɔ lɔɔre zuyɔɔ zuiŋ naŋ da ta ŋa sidi kɔɔre ayi. 1934 poɔ o da sɛge la a Junior Cambridge gyɛnnoo a paase o. O naŋ da be a Accra Academy, o da dire la toɔrɔ na da gama, ane a lɛ zaa, a o karema kaŋa, Mr. Halm Addo (one of the four founders of the school), da maŋ soŋ o la ne libie ka o naŋ da gama. Disembare 1936 poɔ, o da e la a bie na kaŋa Accra Academy naŋ tere ka ba na sɛge a Cambridge Senior School leaving Certificate Examination. A biiri na naŋ da paase a gyɛnnoo poɔ, ba bayi yoŋ da ba poɔ a London Matriculation Examination Board. Ana sakuubie na kaŋa da la Ako Adjei.[9]

O wuli la biiri a Accra Academy poɔ ta soga 1937 poɔ[10] sɛre, kyɛ paaŋ wa kpɛ a Junior Civil Service gyoone 1937 poɔ. A yi Gyoone 1937 te tɔ Disembare 1938 o da e la a Second Division Clerk a Gold Coast Civil Service poɔ. Ba da ko o la tonnoɔre ka o soŋ a Harold Cooper, a European Assistant Colonial Secretary, ane J. E. S. de Graft-Hayford na nare a na mɛ a Gold Coast Broadcasting Service. A bama da la a piili piilibo ko bone pampana naŋ e a Ghana Broadcasting Corporation.[9]

O naŋ da wa zanna a Accra Academy poɔ, Ako Adjei da taa la eŋyuo journalism eŋɛ, o sɛge ko la a African Morning Post, duoro gane naŋ e Nnamdi Azikiwe soobo, naŋ leɛ Nigeria yidaandɔɔ a puoriŋ. Azikiwe meŋ da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ a da nare ko o ka o na te zanne Lincoln University poɔ, Pennsylvania, United States. Nyɔgevenne 1938 poɔ, o da sigi la a Civil Service toma poɔ a da de gaa England Disembare poɔ ana yuoni na.[9]

United States

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Gyoonnoɔre 1939 poɔ, o da sigee Lincoln University, Pennsylvania ka K. A. B. Jones-Quartey, sakuuri bie naŋ yi a Gold Coast Ako Adjei naŋ daŋ baŋ a yi o toma a Accra Morning Post eŋɛ da ko o la waabo yaane kyɛ zo tuori de o. Jones-Quartey da wa poɔ la ka ba na tuori de o ne waabo yaane a Gold Coast sakuuri bie kaŋa ba naŋ da de wuli ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah (Kwame Nkrumah). Lincoln University poɛ o da kpeɛrɛ la Houston Hall poɔ a da ŋmeɛrɛ bɔɔl (soccer) korɔ a yuniveniti. O da iri la zannoo bɔgere kyaare a zannoo bɔgere ama Politikal Science, Economics, Sociology, Bɔrefɔ, Latin ane Philosophy.[11]

Ako Adjei da laŋ la die boŋyeni Houston Hall poɔ ane Jones-Quartey ka ba die da e sããweɛloŋ ne Nkrumah's die, naŋ da e yɛloŋ a yi Nkrumah naŋ da zanne dɔgele sakuuri bie. Ako Adjei da nyɔge la baaloŋ ne Nkrumah ane a yuomo koribu vuo naŋ da be ba soga. A laŋ ne sakuuri biiri laŋgbuli, gbɛɛ yaga ba da maŋ taa la dɛmdi gaa tɔɔre (known as bull sessions) kyaare ne lɛ Africa paaloŋ naŋ na e yi nempeɛle nuuri poɔ. A Africa sakuuri biiri na naŋ da maŋ be a dɛmɛ diibu zie buyibuyi la Jones-Quartey, Ozuomba Mbadiwe, Nwafor Orizu ane Ikechukwu Ikejiani.[11]

O yuoŋgbuli ne kyɛlee naŋ wa baare Lincoln poɔ, o da nyɛ la a Phelps-Stokes Fund scholarship na gaa Hampton Institute Virginia poɔ, a da leɛre gaa be te baare o yuniveniti degeree. O da la nyɛ la sombo na gaa a Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism a yinne masa degeree gyoone 1943 poɔ. O da nyɛ la toma e wulwulo a African Studies Department, Fisk University poɔ ne Dr. Edwin W. Smith, ŋmene yelmanna sombo. Dr. Smith yi la England wa na wa mɛ "department" paalaa a da toŋ boɔle Ako Adjei ka o na e o sonna a meɛbo eŋɛ.[11]

United Kingdom

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Ako Adjei de gaa la United Kingdom na te e o bibiiloŋ teɛroŋ dompole lɔɔyɛ leɛbo. O wulluu tonnoɔre a Fisk University poɔ ko o la libiri ka o na e a Inner Temple Mɛnoɔre piiluu poɔ 1944 poɔ. Ane a zaa ka o biŋ la libie naŋ na baŋ soŋ o ka o piili a zannoo bɔgere, o da boɔrɔ la libie yaga ka o baare o. O saa da de la baloŋ zage bile naŋ be a Gantoɔle Ɔfere Lane, Accra poɔ ko Lebanese dadire £10 yuoŋgbuli ka o na kpɛ yuomo lezare ayi ne pie (50) a da de yuomo lezare ne pie libiri sɛre. O saa da kpie la sɛre ka a lamɔgeroŋ zu kpuli a lɛ n la ka onaŋ ne o beɛrmine da seŋ ka ba toŋ nuuri a gampɛlɛ poɔ sɛre ka a Lebanese dadire zɔɔ libizu naŋ £300 ko ba.[9]

Britain poɔ, Ako Adjei da taa la eŋkyere ne kolonial pɔletese. A yi a Second World War baaro poɔ, British koloniri yaga zie Asia poɔ da nyɛ la sommeŋɛ, ŋaa da vɛŋ la ka kolonial sakuuri biiri naŋ yi West Africa taa awombu kyaare yɛlɛ naŋ erɛ ba yie poɔ a vɛŋ ka ba boɔrɔ kolonialziŋ gbɛre ŋmaabo West Africa poɔ.

Ako Adjei toŋ la tonnɔnimizeɛ a West African Students Union (WASU) poɔ a leɛ o wederɛ. Nkrumah sigi la Britain poɔ 1945 eŋɛ, daare awola o naŋ sigi London poɔ, Ako Adjei da yɔ kyaare o la ka o da yɔ yoɔrɔ a WASU wederoŋ gbɛkyɛnne wagere. Nkrumah da taa la kpɛzie yelwonni ka o da vɛŋ ka o ea kpeɛrɛ o a o No.25 Lauvier Road, te ta saŋa na o naŋ da wa nyɛ kpɛzie ko o (Nkrumah) No. 60 Burghley Road eŋɛ, peɛle Tufnel Park Tube Station. Nkrumah da kpeɛrɛ la be te ta saŋa na o naŋ da wa yi London 1947 poɔ. Ako Adjei pãã da de la Nkrumah wuli ne WASU ane Kojo Botsio naŋ leɛ Nkrumah's right-hand dɔɔ a puoriŋ.

A o WASU bebie leɛteɛroo poɔ, Ako Adjei leɛ teɛre la, "Saŋa na Nkrumah naŋ da wa sigi London poɔ ka o e Wederɛ ko a WASU. N da de la Nkrumah gaa ne a WASU Gansɛgereba zie N naŋ de o wuli Kankam Boadu ane Joe Appiah, naŋ da e a mɛmbare mine ko a WASU wederebɛ kɔmatee, a de Kojo Botsio te naŋ da de ka o e a sakuuri biiri Hostel kaara, No.l South Villas eŋɛ, Camden Town, London N. W. I. N na yeli ka Nkrumah's waabo ane o WASU toma kookerii baa la a noɔreyeni.

Ako Adjei da sɛge la o yuori a London School of Economics ane Political Science poɔ na e o M.Sc. degeree yelnyɔgeraa kyɛ naŋ zanna lɔɔ a Inner Temple poɔ. O yelzu ko a peɛroo yelyagasɛgeraa, The Dynamics of Social Change da tere la sori, ane a lɛ zaa, a zannoo bɔgere, laŋ ne a o politikal yɛlɛ da vɛŋɛɛ la ka o ba tõɔ baare o peɛroo a yi wagere naŋ ba seŋ bone zuiŋ.[8]

Ako Adjei da paase la o lɔɔ gyɛnnoo zaa ka ba da boɔle o a leɛ o lɔɔya a Inner Temple gyoonnoɔre 1947 poɔ.[9][8]

Gold Coast Leɛ waabo

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Ako Adjei leɛ la a Gold Coast a May 1947 poɔ ane a June 1947 poɔ o kpɛɛ a Ghana bar o teɛro puoriŋ da e la ka o maale a "chain of newspapers" gara ‘nimbi-toori ning nokpieni ngmiibo ko a Meŋɛ bigiroo a koosi o naŋ di o minga ing wagere ga ung be London poɔ o ‘puori yelitarihi a paare a Adumoa-Bossman and Co. bungsiela ‘ihi ‘wuli ‘deu ko tuna aga a Meŋɛ‘begiri yelitarihi tungtuna[8].

United Gold Coast Convention

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O nang da kpe a Accra puoring bere awala, o da gaala J. B. Danquah. Neɛ naŋ da e ning jaani maahibu a che yeli ‘ko maalibo a paaloo politikal chimbu ane Ako Adjei langbu a maahibo pou[8], Ako Adjei nugee a Gold Coast sakuu biiri gyemaa nang be a Britain a wagere o da bale-yeng ning a British duohi-saamba gbangu ‘tuobu sani nang waaning a jeri nyiibu ka a Gold Coast da e la gyemaa saamba paali‘soroo. Danquah egeɛ nuori ko o ning ka toma gyemaa da e-yeng a na piilii a paaluu kaabu yelitaroo ‘nimbi-toori.

A pieli beri anaare ko o leɛ gaa deu J. B. Danquah da di o gaa lambo zie ko a ‘teng-kpong ning ‘ihibe langbo nang be a United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC).ung leɛ e a memba ko a ning ‘ihibe langbu ane a 4 August 1947 wagere na paalehe nuori‘yeni langbo nang da e bungpaalaa ‘wuli a gemaa Saltpond,ung da leɛ e ‘wi-dieriba ning bera . a 22 August 1947,a Accra bali kanga ko a paalihi nuori‘yeni langbo nang e bungpaalaa ‘wuli a gemaa ane ba nang da eroo ka o e yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi o ning Edward Akufo-Addo as president ane Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey a lang taa ning J. Quist-Therson ko e toma ningkpongo po-tuuro.A ŋa tengbiilung ko a paalehe nuori‘yeni langbo gemaa ,a wi-diereba ning bera da nyoge ka o e soma yaga ka ba leɛre a ‘chengbo e a paaluu kaabo yelitaroo paate. a bila zung,ba da taala hiembo ko a wagere paalee yeliseu’binnihi ‘karichi . J. B. Danquah korihi ing Ako Adjei, le gyaa nang la, o da gyaanhe a koobu ane o anaso ka o tonn African National Times newspaper ane begere zannoo a paare. O ‘puori yelitarihi nyogee Kwame Nkrumah nie nang da leɛ jora a West African National Secretariat (WANS) a 94 Grays' Inn, London.[8]

A ŋa da e la noɔre polloo ung da wog ko a paalee wagere jemaa seuseura toma ung da ba sagira ka o di ‘sieri-sung ‘ku o. A langbu kpong dia la o maahibo ane ung seu ko Nkrumah a gaa o ane a puoring ung tori ko £100 ang ko a yi George Alfred Grant, a ’yidandɔɔ, paalikaara ane libie daana ko a UGCC ko o yuobu gaa Gold Coast. A Nkrumah taabu , Ako Adjei da wunee a wi‘-diera membare ku a paati O taaba December 1947 ane ung wunoo a G. A. Grant, J. B. Danquah, R. S. Blay ane memba jaani ko a UGCC."

A Zubera Ayuobe

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Wagere Nkrumah nang da kpe karichihi toma ‘zie awa general-secretary ko a UGCC o da piilee yele eeroo turibu ko o‘ugiro ko a dangkaari colony-wide ane noba paahibu[8]. A wi diereba nembera ko a UGCC ming da taala kperindeng buobu a tuora pouko ex-servicemen nang da ba nye ba sangyeu a Second World War puoring[12] .Ba da buoliba yi a dunee polisi ‘koree zeukpong ko ba polisi ‘koree jeukpong lambo ane wagere gemaa o nang mang i yele yaga nie[13].

Ako Adjei ane ning wi diera noba gaani ko a UGCC banuu J. B. Danquah, Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey, Edward Akufo-Addo, William Ofori Atta ane Kwame Nkrumah, nang da ang die ‘yuori puoring leu e a Big Six ka bila i ‘saboguko ba taawai ane paangbu yi a wagere British paalikaariba ko a saamba paali‘soroo. ane Ako Adjei da e la nyogi ‘bing cheliha a Navrongo pou[8].A zubera ayuobe gbanggbali yiibo da ela welibo ko Nkrumah ane a membare ko a UGCC ane Nkrumah a baahaang kauyeng yi ingang a 1949 to found the Convention People's Party (CPP). Ako Adjei anaa zaa ung kpeling ning a UGCC ane yela ang ‘tu wa ‘puoring ela nimbizie ko Nkrumah o duohi-saamba gbanma puo, a African National Times ane a Star of Ghana[8].

1951 nuneɛ ane a Ghana Congress Party

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A 1951 Gold Coast legislative nuneɛ wagere, Ako Adjei da arɛɛ la a on the ticket of the UGCC yuori eŋɛ na areko a Accra Central Munisipal Ɛlɛtoral Desekyere a Gold Coast Legislative Asɛmbole poɔ. O da nyɛ la 1,451 nuneɛre kyaare o ne Nkrumah's (CPP) 20,780, T. Hutton Mills' (CPP) 19,812, ane Emmanuel Obetsebi Lamptey's (UGCC) 1,630 nuneɛre.[8] A yi a UGCC yɛlɛ naŋ da ba taa nimiri a nuneɛ eŋɛ, ba da laŋ la taa yeli ka a paati kyɛlɛɛ na naŋ ba di lantaa e boŋyeni. O da leɛ la a gansɛgerɛ ko a Ghana Congress Party (GCP) o naŋ da wa mɛ mɛmoɔre 1952 poɔ. O naŋ da wa ta wagere kaŋa ne a GCP, Ako Adjei da zagere la lambori gaabo ane yele yaga naŋ yele kyaara o ne o naŋ de Nkrumah wuli ka o wɛle a UGCC.[8][14]

Nɔdaa Paati (Convention People's Party)

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Maakye 1953 poɔ, Ako Adjei da kyɛle woŋ la kpɛle yi zɔmenne teseŋ E. C. Quaye, Sonny Provençal ane Paul Tagoe, a sage ka o na poɔ la a Convention People's Party. Maakye piiluu poɔ 1953 ba da de o la wuli kpaaroŋ tegeroŋ poɔ Arena eŋɛ, Accra zie o naŋ tere o fɔrɔ yelyaga gɔɔ eŋɛ o naŋ e mɛmba ko a CPP.[8]

A 1954 Gold Coast legislative nuneɛ wagere, o da arɛɛ la a CPP yuori eŋɛ na areko Accra East a Gold Coast Legislative Asɛmbole poɔ. O da nyɛ la 11,660 nuneɛre kyaare o ne Nai Tete's 768, Kwamla Armah-Kwarteng's 471, ane Nii Kwabena Bonnie III's 317 nuneɛre. O kpɛ la begemaale die 15 Gyoone 1954 eŋɛ.[8]

A yi a bɔge o naŋ bare a nuneɛ zie a 1954 nuneɛ wagere, Nkrumah da maale la Ako Adjei a Gold Coast cabinet mɛmba 28 gyoonnoɔre 1954 poɔ, neɛ naŋ da e a ana saŋa na prime minisa ane gɔmenante yelerre zuzeɛ. Ba da iri o la Minisa ko dadi ane 'Labour'.[15] A ananso kaŋa naŋ da wane a o kaairuu la o naŋ da poɔ noba naŋ ba taa are tereba a CPP poɔ, o na naŋ e gambanna ane kurigyugi a noba naŋ be sensoga poɔ, a gbɛdegere da wuli ka lɛ e sotuuraa na tage o taa eŋ a CPP poɔ. O naŋ e Minisa a ko dadi ane Labour, ona la da so a paaloŋ nyɔvore yelzuri yaga, o da mɔyɛ la wane a Agricultural Produce Marketing Board, a Cocoa Marketing Board, a Industrial Development Corporation, Trade Unions ane Cooperatives.[8]

29 Fɛboɔre 1956 eŋɛ, ba da iri o la ka o e Interior Minisa ane Justice, voaraa Archie Casely-Hayford naŋ da daŋ are. Ana yuoni na ne o zu, ba da la leɛ maale ɛlɛte o la a 1956 Gold Coast legislative nuneɛ poɔ ka o na areko a Accra East desekyere ɛlɛtoral gbaŋgbale a Gold Coast Legislative Asɛmbole poɔ

Ghana Sommeŋɛ Nyaabo Puoriŋ

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Minisa ko Interior ane Justice

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Ghana's first cabinet in 1957
Standing (L to R): J. H. Allassani, N.A. Welbeck, Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta, Ako Adjei, J.E. Jantuah, Imoru Egala
Sitting (L to R): A. Casely-Hayford, Kojo Botsio, Kwame Nkrumah, Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, E.O. Asafu-Adjaye

A yi Ghana Sommeŋɛ nyaabo 6 Maakye 1957 eŋɛ, ana saŋa na 'prime' Minisa Dr. Kwame Nkrumah da eɛ nimize-kaairii a 'cabinet' lɛvɛl eŋɛ, Ako Adjei ane a lɛ zaa, da naŋ e la a Minisa ko Interior ane Justice,[16] voaraa naŋ da wɛle ŋa kyuuri ayoɔbo puoriŋ. Ɔɔgore 1957 poɔ, a Interior ane Justice Minisa da wɛlɛɛ la eŋ a Interior Minisiri ane a Justice Minisiri. Krobo Edusei da la a Interior Minisiri zu soba kyɛ ka Ako Adjei da leɛ Justice Minisa.[17] Bayelka deme ana saŋa na da yeli ka Nkrumah, a 'prime' Minisa ana wagere na da de la ana gbɛdegere ŋa bonso Ako Adjei meŋɛ naŋ e Ga na sãã la ŋa nemmaaroŋ "too gentlemanly" na toŋ ne lɛ naŋ seŋ ne a yelwonni a Ga-Adangbe Shifimo Kpee (a tribal organisation) naŋ waana ne, naŋ piili ka a ba kɔɔre Accra poɔ.[18]

Mine meŋ da taa la teɛroŋ velaa kyaare ne a kaairi paala ŋa a taa sagediibu ka o be la voaraa naŋ soma na kaa a yele naŋ fɛrɛ a Ghana merɛ bɔgere aŋa o naŋ e lɔɔyɛ zanna. O naŋ e Minis ko Justice, o naŋ da so ka o kaara a Land Boundaries Settlement Commission tontonne, libiyɛlɛ ane minisiral yɛlɛ ne a Supreme Court, lokal kɔɔte ane Customary Law, ane paaloŋ yobo yelkyɛnne.[17]

Minisa ko Labour ane Cooperatives

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Yuoŋgbuli puoriŋ, ba da de la Ako Adjei gaane a Minisiri ko Labour ane Cooperatives.[19] O naŋ e Minisa ko Labour ane Cooperatives, o soŋ la a Ghana toma tontonneba yeltarre ka ba mɛ zipaala naŋ bebe wa tɔ zenɛ. A tonnoɔre ŋa tombo poɔ gbɛɛ yaga o maŋ de la weɛ ne a Ghana gbɛbogi-ara gaane a United Nations.[20]

Areterɛ Minisa Guinea poɔ ane Minisa ko Paaloŋ Yobo Yeltarre

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Fɛboɔre 1959 poɔ, Ako Adjei da leɛre la Nathaniel Azarco Welbeck a e a Areterɛ Minisa Guinea poɔ. O naŋ wa tona a e Ghana naa areterɛ Guinea poɔ, ba iri o la Minisa ko paaloŋ yobo yeltarre Kyɛpire poɔ ana yuoni na ne o zu.[21] O na la da be a vori ŋa ayi poɔ e Ghana areterɛ minisa Guinea poɔ ane Ghana Minisa ko Paaloŋ yobo yeltarre te ta Sentɔmbare 1959 saŋa na o toma naŋ da wa bare Guinea poɔ.[21] Ba da leɛre o la ne J. H. Allassani ka o e Areterɛ Minisa Guinea poɔ.[22]

8 Kyɛpire 1961 eŋɛ, Ako Adjei da be la New York City poɔ saŋa na Nkrumah ana saŋa Ghana yidaandɔɔ naŋ da wa moɔle beguo duoro ŋmaŋkoɔre poɔ ka o iri la African Yeltarre yi a Minisiri ko Paaloŋ Yobo Yeltarre gbuli poɔ a pãã ire Imoru Egala ka o na e a 'state' Minisa ko African Yeltarre, vuo Egala naŋ toŋ ta wagere ne o tɔ ka neɛzaa ba leɛre o.[23] Ako Adjei leɛ wa la Ghana ka o ba sɔre sori na wa zɛle tere ananso ane gbɛdegere sonne o naŋ na de kyaara ne paaloŋ yobo yeltarre. O sage die la ka African noɔreyeni yelboɔraa na koŋ gaa nimitɔɔre ka Africa yɛlɛ na wɛle yi o minisiri poɔ.[23] O moɔbo, ane a lɛ zaa, na leɛre a yidaandɔɔ teɛroŋ ba nyɛ eebo.[23]

Mɛnoɔre 1961 poɔ, a Yeli-yɔ-kpeɛre Minisa tonnoɔre yuori yelzu da leɛre gaa la Paaloŋ Yobo Yeltarre Minisa.[21] Ako Adjei pãã da leɛ la Ghana Paaloŋ Yobo Yeltarre Minisa fɔrɔ a fɔrɔ republic eŋɛ.[24] O naŋ e Ghana paaloŋ yobo yeltarre minisa fɔrɔ, o toŋ la tonnɔ-nimizeɛ a paaloŋ yeltarre ne paaloŋ yobo yelnyɔgere yɛlɛ poɔ ane paaloŋ yobo lamboori duoruu. Aseŋ Sheikh I. C. Quaye naŋ manne, o "soŋɛɛ la ti te ne paaloŋ yobo baaloŋ a zɔɔ maaroŋ (cold war) vinviŋ eŋɛ saŋa na a paaloŋ naŋ da wa seŋ ka o wuli o 'diplomatic' are zie naŋ koŋ wuli ka o pɔgera la bee ba toɔna".[25] Kwesi Armah naŋ leɛteɛrɛ Ako Adjei's wagere ɔfere poɔ yeli ka o "de la Ghana sɔrebo nutɔgele enfuoni tere a wuli Ghana are zie ko a UN ane paaloŋ yobo kpaaroŋ mine.[26]

O naŋ e a Minisa ko paaloŋ yobo yeltarre, o da moɔle la South African bomma daabo zageroo, maŋgboe ane aloopele a paaloŋ poɔ, o meŋ da la are ne la ka ba na bare la South Africans a paaloŋ poɔ ka ba naŋ are gyaŋgyãã ka ba ba sage 'apartheid'.[27] A o wagere a Minisiri poɔ, Ako Adjei da yeli ka ba mɛ "Union of African States, na yuo vuo tere narebo kyaare ne ɛkɔnɔmese, yɔlantaa ane yipɔge yelwontaa na baŋ, toŋ la soŋ neɛzaa."[28]

African Yelyɔkpeɛre Minisare lambo wagere Addis Ababa poɔ gyoone 1960 eŋɛ, o da tere la teɛroŋ kyaare "noɔreyeni politikal gbuli" ko Africa a da are ka ba piili mɛ Africa Customs Union, Africa Free Trade Zone, ane Africa Development Fund; yelnyɔgere naŋ da be ana teɛrɛ boɔbo ama, a Organisation of African Unity (OAU) da tɔgele de a la ka a da nyɛ eebo kyɛ ka o da be pɔgere die poɔ 1963 eŋɛ ane a Africa Union (AU) naŋ leɛre a OAU 2001 poɔ.[5]

Ako Adjei da la a Yelyɔkpeɛre Yeltarre Minisa te ta Ɔɔgore 1962 saŋa na ba naŋ da wa ko o poyi dɔgeroŋ kyaare ne a 'Kulungugu bomb attack', yi puori koɔre tere moɔbo naŋ da ba tõɔ e kyaare ne ana saŋa yidaandɔɔ, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah nyɔvore 1 Ɔɔgore 1962 eŋɛ. Nkrumah da leɛre o la a are a Yelyɔkpeɛre Yeltarre Minisa voaraa 1962 poɔ.[29]

Meŋɛ Nyɔvore yɛlɛ

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Ako Adjei da kulee Theodosia Ako Adjei (née Kote-Amon) a ba laŋkpeɛbo poɔ ka ba taa bipɔgeba banaare. O da e la kirista bie ane a Presbyterian Church of Ghana mɛmba. O naŋ e kirista bie, o sage die la kyɛ are ne a nyɔvore teɛroŋ kpeɛŋaa ka Naaŋmene la erɛ yelzaa a taa ananso na o naŋ bare neɛzaa o donɛɛ zu kyɛ. "Bone neɛzaa naŋ seŋ ka o e la, ka fo ko Naaŋmene sori ka o de fo ka fo e o tontona na tona korɔ o."[8]

Treason trial ane detention

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A zie na Kulungugu poɔ ba naŋ da moɔ na za ana wagere na yidaandɔɔ Dr. Kwame Nkrumah ne bomb na ko o

Kwame Nkrumah gaa la Tenkodogo on 31 July 1962 ka o te taa lambo ning Maurice Yameogo a paalikaara ko Upper Volta pampana Burkina Faso.

Ako Adjei, pampana Minister of Foreign Affairs, lang ning Tawia Adamafio, a leu Minister of Information, Hugh Horatio Cofie Crabbe,aning ming CPP Executive Secretary, Joseph Yaw Manu, a ninsaaloung gominanti tuntuna ane tuo noba yele ko a United Party (UP) ane Robert Benjamin Otchere, UP memba koree ko a paaloo ‘begibinnibe lambo, da ngmaa yele ‘tuo ko plotting ko a paalikaara[30].

Ako Adjei, Tawiah Adamafio ane Cofie Crabbe da ‘pigihee ane barebo yi a Supreme Court a yi a piilee Serɛɛ a nang da wole a cheehe ba da e la nene ane fraudulent, ane ‘tengsoge ko a dissensions a Convention People's Party (CPP) pou aga a piilee ko ba dangchegu . A membare ko a paaloo ‘begibinnibe lambu wolee ba

A sori ‘chembu ... ko a lombori kanga, bana (Adamafio, Crabbe, and Ako Adjei), da welee ba minne ‘yi a wi-dieriba, a ko noba ba naŋ clung ang pare aga ba da e la o nugneba. Ba da monee loori‘bilee ane kye da bare a paalikaara puori.

A saringmaareba bata naŋ da baree adoba bata – Justice Sir. Kobina Arku Korsah, Justice Edward Akufo-Addo (a Big Six) ane Justice Kofi Adumua Bossman – da e la puori yelitaree firibo ka ba bare toma. saringmaareba bayi, William Bedford Van Lare and Robert Samuel Blay (a munpiilii noba ko a United Gold Coast Convention) ba da kari bala bare ko a chiihibu karibu a saringmaareba bata jung. Nkrumah leu empaneled a 12-man jury nang di zu yi a Justice Julius Sarkodee-Addo[31],

Ako Adjei ane a noba bayi ka bila i ‘sabogu yeliyaga ko‘nyivori kombu,anaajaa,a yeliyaga da tegi yi a paalikaara ko Nyɔvore pogibu yeliyaga ane puoring, a 20-year pogibu yeliyaga a seuri ‘puong ko paaloo ‘begibinnibe lambu a 26 March 1965[32][33].

Ako Adjei tieha ko a yeli-iroo a 1 August 1962 taa a yeleyaga ga na yele:

"ing da ela nie nang ba bang yelizaa ane ing bangye ka ing zumene bayi , Tawia Adamafio ane Cofie Crabbe meŋɛ da ba bang yelizaa . Yele nang e ananso da la ing ‘tuuree Nkrumah ing tuongbu ta’zie a e Foreign Minister ko a bung’bile saaju baahaabaahaa a President Nkrumah ane President Yameogo kpakyega a Tenkudugunang be a northern mung-silaa ko Togo, Ghana ane Upper Volta a July 31, 1962. Ko te puori leu waa, Ing da bila a paalikaariba paate nang maale a toma wagerehi ‘puobo baahaa a sakuu bila nang be Kulungugu.Wagere biala puoring a paalikaara da sigee a kye nye a bang ngmaahi ‘le ‘gbuli yi a sukuu bidau bila, a nu bomba’bile bang mang di foo nang da zaara o . A bibile nang ba bang yele zaa da nyɛɛ dogɛɛ a kye bang kuu ana wagere ne. zu-noolong , nu bomba’bile bang mang di foo da ngme nyehemee a Presedente a naa zaa marifa ‘biri mine da nyogee o puoring . Ba da nyee a Osagyefo gaa Bawku ziena ung da leu gaa Tamale. a leɛ gaa Accra puo yele zaa gaal laanfiye. Ane a puori kyelɛɛ ko July 1962 ing da nyee seubie yi a Dr. Okechuku Ekejeani, faora daana kasarito a Lincoln University ane a zomeŋɛ ko Nkrumah ane ing mige. O da garang a yi London ane o da tuole a cablegram on board ko o gbori-kpong ko a paalikaara ning ing Meŋɛ. Ung da wole o yeli yela ‘ko Nkrumah, o da yelee ka o kyenoo gaa o deu a te peli ning ‘o nimbire a are o gbebogo. ing da nang waanoo zie nang da nyaaa ka o gaa a Flagstaff House ko a.diebu seni ka o gaa Lagos ngmenaa wagere .ziena na da diangna a Alaamusa daare, August 29, 1962 wagere na ‘polisihi nang da nyogiyoo.Awaana yuomo anaare puoring Naangmine yong bang yele nang pagoo[8]."

Ako Adjei langtaa ning a o kasaritaa bata da paahiye paaluu kaabu yelitaroo pogireba nang da bare yi a National Liberation Council a paalikaara Nkrumah ‘erebo naalung ‘kogong puoring ande a First Republican Government a 24 February 1966. Ba da baroo yi o detention a Nsawam Medium Security Prison a 6 September 1966 a yi a veng’kuubo yi a Liberation Council[5][8].

Puori Nyɔvore yɛlɛ

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A ‘jie ang na nyaa kaba e-roo yi a Nsawam Prison a yuoni 1966, Ako Adjei baare nyee a paalikaa yelitarihi dang-nye-ataa puoring; yele ung da tieha da eye gyiree yele paangbo ane a pogiriba ‘deu noebinnoo.bang da baroo puoring, o da ela ‘nimbi-zie ko a yideme ane o minga begiri yelitaree[8].

O da taa la kyelihibo yaga ko o poge ane o biirii . A yi o seng, o poge ane o biirii da ta sombo ‘ku o wagere na ung da di nie sare, saree leɛ ‘diibuo ane pogiriba ‘deung yela ang ‘tu wa ‘puoring[8].

O la leu segihi o minga toma yɛlɛ , wong noo a la leɛ segihi bungsiela ‘ire ‘wule ‘deu, Teianshi Chambers, ane ung piili o minga eebo ŋa ‘tu ‘begu soring tungtuna[8].

A tuuro a yieloung soje yela kuu a Gaana puo, Ako-Adjei da ela a memba ko a kpiengu ‘kuubo yi a Supreme Military Council a yuoni 1978 a na seu fora kye na wa maaling seu paaloo ‘begiri ko a Third Republic of Ghana. A yi a A Ghanaian Chronicle, a wagere nang pari Ako Adjei da nyeɛ a saazu- yele’kori maahibo lambo a senia ‘tengbie langtaa yi a ex-President Rawlings a baaraa wagere ko o teng-gbangu kaabo ŋa palikaara. O berihoung anaso a wagere, o dogereba zaahee duore inneba a vuo ka ba da pieroo[34].

Kuung ane paloo ungbu

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Ako Adjei da e la memba bahaa ko a ang die ‘yuori ko a Big Six to die.A baalung puoring, o kpe a 14 January 2002 a Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, a yuomo 85. o da e la chiihi yi o poge ane biirii banaari[5].   

O kuung tagɛɛ dannoo yi statesmen a paahi a paaloo yidaandɔɔ ko Gaana , John Agyekum Kufour nie nang muoli ka o na kuu a State burial[5][35].O yele "a paaloo dia Dr. Ako-Adjei bareka ‘puohibo sani ung e gandau zung,nia nang tung ko a paaloo aŋ dau pola-pola , ko yeli ka-n-yeli naang yela bingbo a beu ‘zung. A ŋa a Big Six kanga a Ganan paaluu kaabu yelitaroo yeli’kori bangbo ,a Dr. Ako-Adjei kuung da wolee a fora yeli’ginoo ko yeli’kori bangbo a paaluu kaabu yelitaroo kpiengaa wagere a paaloo puong .Kye tieha ana wagere da kong bang ienhe".O da la paahee ka "Ba da piilii politikal paate tumbu bung ga a gomenante ang e cheng‘dire . Gaana noba sombo ‘libie yi acheng bung kpong ane yelisung ‘di sani ko o lang taa puoring a faa ‘yi ‘nuuhing deme ku Dr. Ako-Adjei a sigihaa paaloo ‘ungbo[36]".

Wagere Attorney General ane Minister for Justice ane pampana paali kaara ko Gaana, Nana Akufo-Addo ba nang kuro gyirima yela; "a Dr. Ako-Adjei kuung da wolee a baaraa ko a wagere ko munpiilii buobo ko a paaloo ane Gaana noba leɛ bila ba yong a na baara ." O paahiye ka "a nyiibo ang kurobo kpiengu nang veng ‘ka so minga yeli ka-n-yeli naang yela yaari pampana a paaloo poung ,ba e tong tungla kpong ko a paaloo ane o da ela gandau kang ko a paaloo[36]".

 Wagere ne a Jake Obetsebi-Lamptey, ane a Minister for Information ming da taa la a yelibie ŋa: " a gbangu yeliyaga zu ko a wagere ko a Big Six da ba ienhe ning a Dr. Ako-Adjei kuung bonso ba dang-nye-ataa ang ‘bibe ko nimbituori kasaritaa . Gaana noba gyemaa mine ning a Big Six, noba nang da are ku a yeli ka-n-yeli naang zung. ka o naŋ e sung ko o paaloo noba , ba na tieree o yele[37]."

Paaloo ungbo

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O ungbo daare, jongjong gyemaa egee gaa half-mast a ‘ko jirima[36]. A paaloo kuori tuma zia da ela paaloo deu nimbituori . Noba nang da be a kuore maaloo zie da ela paalikaa tuntuna, paaloo ‘begibinnibe lambo noba , Minisare ko a paaloo , membare ko a Council of State, a paalizaani gbebogi-areba lambo, ‘wi-dieriba , dogiriba , zumene ane nimbozoreba[38].

A kampannaa da was laid by yi a wagere paalikaara, Kufour nang a-re ko a gomenante ane noba ko a Gaana paaloo , Mr. Hackman Owusu-Agyeman, pampana panaa leɛ a Minister for Foreign Affairs dogilee bung gyaala a ko a Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Paul Adu-Gyamfi, nang da leɛ yidandau ko a Ghana Bar Association dogilee a taaloung kampannaa a nuori’yeni lambo zung kye deu nie kanga dogile a naaloung kampannaa a ‘kodemee yideme [39].

Joseph Henry Mensah,pampana panaa a minisa kpong , karing a gomenante dannoo,yelibo:

"Dr. Ako Adjei da paahiye noba a bang yela maahibo ko a jeng jaanhibo ko African unity ane politikal nokpiene ngmeebo nang be a paaloo.A Convention Peoples' Party (CPP) ngmaabo bahibo puoring yi a United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), Dr. Ako-Adjei da leu ye a kodoriko ayi paaloo kaabo yelitaroo lambo ayi . Gaana da boree a libi-yaga bung bonso a kung ba nye tona yi o mingloo ane ba tari nokpiene yeng. Wagere te zanne yi o minga te jeri nyogi yelikanga daag kula taa nie ko o meselihung ka o ‘di dogee ning o Ngmini’zu yele [39]."

A tuuro a paaloo ungbo, a minga ungbo da biye a mausoleum ko a Holy Church of God, Okoman, Dome, a Accra.

  • 1946 poɔ, ba maale o a Royal Institute of International Affairs mɛmba[40]
  • 1952 poɔ ba da maale o la a American Academy of Political and Social Science mɛmba[40]
  • 1962 poɔ ba da ko o la kyɔɔtaa ne Emmo degeree Lɔɔ Dɔɔta yi o sakuuri o naŋ da daŋ baare, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, United States[41]
  • 7 Maakye 1997 eŋɛ a poɔ a Ghana yuoŋkɔɔre 40 Sommeŋɛ bebiri tigiri diibu, ana wagere na yidaandɔɔ N ba Jerry John Rawlings da ko la Ako Adjei Officer of the Order of the Star of Ghana kyɔɔtaa – paaloŋ emmo kyɔɔta tegeroŋ yi a Republic of Ghana ne o "contribution to the struggle for Ghana's independence"[5]
  • 1999 poɔ, ba da ko o la a Millennium Excellence Award for Outstanding Statesmen.[25]

O tonoɔre

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A Ako Adjei sokyarre Accra poɔ, naŋ da daŋ e Sankara sokyarre, da leɛ porɛɛ la ne o yuori.[42][43] Ako-Adjei Paaki meŋ be la Osu poɔ, Accra.

O yeliyage bizuluu mine

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"Ghana e la te paaloŋ. Te ba taa zie zaa na gaa. Kyɛ ŋa la zie Naaŋmene naŋ de te biŋ ka tenne wa baŋ a ŋaa wieoŋ a soŋ ko te zaa."[5]

Muuli Kyɛ Meŋ Nyɛ

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  • The Big Six
  • Nkrumah gɔmenante

Sommo Yizie

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  1. ↑ Duodu, Cameron (March 2002). "Ako Adjei--the Walking History of Ghana:Cameron Duodu on One of the Founding Fathers of Ghanaian Independence Who Died in Accra on 14 January". New African. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  2. ↑ "Big six enduring lessons from the founding fathers of Ghana". GhanaWeb (in English). 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  3. ↑ Afful, Aba (2019-10-16). "Meet Dr. Ako-Adjei the only Big Six member who lived through 9 governments". Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. (in English). Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  4. ↑ "Ghana pays tribute to founders' - Graphic Online". graphic ghana (in British English). 4 August 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ellison, Kofi (22 February 2002). "Dr. Ebenezer Ako Adjei - An Appreciation". Ghana Web. Ghana Home Page. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  6. ↑ Adjei, Ako (1992). Life and work of George Alfred Grant (Paa Grant) (in English). Accra: Waterville Pub. House. ISBN 978-9964-5-0233-1. OCLC 32650474.
  7. ↑ "Big Six Enduring Lessons From The Founding Fathers Of Ghana". 6 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Vieta, Kojo T. (1999). The Flagbearers of Ghana:Profiles of One Hundred Distinguished Ghanaians. Ena Publications. p. 56. ISBN 9789988001384.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ofosu-Appiah, L H (1974). The life and times of Dr. J. B. Danquah. Waterville Pub. House. p. 64.
  10. ↑ Segal, Ronald (1961). Political Africa:A Who's who of Personalities and Parties. Praeger. p. 7.
  11. 1 2 3 Chinebuah, Aidoohene Blay (2017). Ghana's Pride and Glory:Biography of Some Eminent Ghanaian Personalities and Sir Gordon Guggisberg. Graphic Communications. p. 218.
  12. ↑ https://newsghana.com.gh/the-contribution-of-the-veteran-towards-independence/
  13. ↑ https://newsghana.com.gh/the-contribution-of-the-veteran-towards-independence/
  14. ↑ Botwe-Asamoah, Kwame (17 June 2013). Kwame Nkrumah's Politico-Cultural Thought and Politics:An African-Centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 9780415948333.
  15. ↑ Ministry of Trade and Labour (1955). Gold Coast, Handbook on Trade and Commerce. p. 3.
  16. ↑ Rathbone, Richard (2000). Nkrumah & the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana, 1951-60. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 9780821413067.
  17. 1 2 Nkrumah, Kwame (1957). Ghana's Policy at Home and Abroad:Text of Speech Given in the Ghana Parliament, 29 August 1957, by Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister. Information Office, Embassy of Ghana. p. 13.
  18. ↑ "New Commonwealth, Volume 38". Tothill Press. 1960. p. 3.
  19. ↑ "Ghana Today, Volumes 1-2". Information Section, Ghana Office. 1957. p. 11.
  20. ↑ "Ghana Today, Volumes 1-2". Information Section, Ghana Office. 1957. p. 2.
  21. 1 2 3 Grilli, Matteo (6 August 2018). Nkrumaism and African Nationalism:Ghana's Pan-African Foreign Policy in the Age of Decolonization. Springer. p. 112. ISBN 9783319913254.
  22. ↑ Thompson, W. S. (1969). Ghana's Foreign Policy, 1957-1966: Diplomacy Ideology, and the New State. Princeton University Press. p. 75. ISBN 9781400876303.
  23. 1 2 3 Thompson, W. S. (1969). Ghana's Foreign Policy, 1957-1966: Diplomacy Ideology, and the New State. Princeton University Press. p. 199. ISBN 9781400876303.
  24. ↑ Ebenezer, Ako Adjei (1992). Life and work of George Alfred Grant (Paa Grant). Waterville Publishing House. p. 34. ISBN 9789964502331.
  25. 1 2 "Sankara Interchange re-named after Dr. Ako Adjei". Modern Ghana. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  26. ↑ Armah, Kwesi (2004). Peace Without Power: Ghana's Foreign Policy, 1957-1966. p. 20.
  27. ↑ Asamoah, Obed (2014). The Political History of Ghana (1950-2013): The Experience of a Non-Conformist. AuthorHouse. p. 106. ISBN 9781496985637.
  28. ↑ Akinyemi, A. Bolaji (1974). Foreign Policy and Federalism: The Nigerian Experience. p. 160.
  29. ↑ Asamoah, Obed (2014). The Political History of Ghana (1950-2013): The Experience of a Non-Conformist. AuthorHouse. p. 57. ISBN 9781496985637.
  30. ↑ http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=21921
  31. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=O28ZBQAAQBAJ&q=new+judges+sarkodee+addo+swanzy&pg=PA55
  32. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=uw0OAQAAMAAJ&q=ebenezer+ako+adjei
  33. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=O28ZBQAAQBAJ&q=new+judges+sarkodee+addo+swanzy&pg=PA55
  34. ↑ https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ako-Adjei-Laid-to-Rest-21991
  35. ↑ https://www.modernghana.com/news/19729/dr-ako-adjei-would-be-given-state-burial.html
  36. 1 2 3 https://www.modernghana.com/news/19729/dr-ako-adjei-would-be-given-state-burial.html
  37. ↑ https://www.modernghana.com/news/19729/dr-ako-adjei-would-be-given-state-burial.html
  38. ↑ https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ako-Adjei-Laid-to-Rest-21991
  39. 1 2 https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ako-Adjei-Laid-to-Rest-21991
  40. 1 2 "Ghana Year Book 1959". Ghana Year Book. Graphic Corporation: 143. 1959.
  41. ↑ "Ako-Adjei, Ebenezer". Biographies. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  42. ↑ "Sankara Interchange re-named after Dr. Ako Adjei". Modern Ghana (in English). Retrieved 2020-12-26.
  43. ↑ "Sankara Overpass Renamed After Ako Adjei". Modern Ghana (in English). Retrieved 2020-12-26.
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