Pretoria

big city, administrative territorial entity, administrative centre, administrative capital, executive capital
Piiluu	16 Nyɔgevennebare 1855
Native label	Pretoria
Named after	Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius
Demonym	Prétorien, Prétorienne
Continent	Africa
Paaloŋ	South Africa
Located in the administrative territorial entity	City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
Located in time zone	UTC+02:00
Coordinate location	25°44′47″S 28°11′17″E
Head of government	Cilliers Brink
Shares border with	Johannesburg
Postal code	0001 • 0002
Official website	https://www.tshwane.gov.za/
Flag	flag of Pretoria
History of topic	timeline of Pretoria, Tshwane
Local dialing code	012
Category for maps or plans	Category:Maps of Pretoria

Pretoria (/prɪˈtɔːriə, pri-/ prih-TOR-ee-ə, pree-;^[1] Afrikaans: [prəˈtʉəria] ^ⓘ) e la administrative kapital ko South Africa, ^[2]naŋ tona neŋ kogo korɔ a executive branch ko gɔbena, neŋ soɔbo ko a foreign embassies ko a teŋɛŋ.^[3]

Climate

Climate data for Pretoria, elevation 1,308 m (4,291 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–1990)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.2 (97.2)	36.3 (97.3)	35.0 (95.0)	32.5 (90.5)	30.3 (86.5)	26.0 (78.8)	26.0 (78.8)	30.0 (86.0)	34.0 (93.2)	36.0 (96.8)	35.7 (96.3)	36.0 (96.8)	36.3 (97.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29.0 (84.2)	29.1 (84.4)	27.7 (81.9)	25.0 (77.0)	22.7 (72.9)	20.7 (69.3)	20.5 (68.9)	23.6 (74.5)	27.2 (81.0)	28.6 (83.5)	28.7 (83.7)	28.8 (83.8)	26.0 (78.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	23.2 (73.8)	23.2 (73.8)	21.8 (71.2)	18.7 (65.7)	15.2 (59.4)	12.2 (54.0)	11.9 (53.4)	15.4 (59.7)	19.7 (67.5)	21.4 (70.5)	22.1 (71.8)	22.7 (72.9)	19.0 (66.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	18.0 (64.4)	17.9 (64.2)	16.5 (61.7)	13.0 (55.4)	8.0 (46.4)	5.0 (41.0)	4.6 (40.3)	8.0 (46.4)	12.0 (53.6)	15.0 (59.0)	16.5 (61.7)	17.3 (63.1)	12.3 (54.1)
Record low °C (°F)	7.5 (45.5)	10.4 (50.7)	5.5 (41.9)	3.3 (37.9)	−1.5 (29.3)	−4.5 (23.9)	−4.5 (23.9)	−4.0 (24.8)	−0.5 (31.1)	3.0 (37.4)	6.6 (43.9)	6.5 (43.7)	−4.5 (23.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	118.5 (4.67)	109.5 (4.31)	81.4 (3.20)	32.5 (1.28)	15.4 (0.61)	5.8 (0.23)	0.6 (0.02)	4.2 (0.17)	17.1 (0.67)	63.9 (2.52)	98.0 (3.86)	115.2 (4.54)	662.1 (26.08)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	10.2	8.3	6.8	4.0	1.7	1.1	0.2	0.7	1.8	6.2	9.2	10.6	60.8
Average relative humidity (%)	62	63	63	63	56	54	50	45	44	52	59	61	56
Mean monthly sunshine hours	260.8	235.3	253.9	245.8	282.6	270.8	289.1	295.5	284.3	275.2	253.6	271.9	3,218.8
Source 1: NOAA (sun and humidity 1961−1990) Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)

Ethnic Group

group	2001 population	2001 (%)	2011 population	2011 (%)
White	314,678	67.7%	389,022	52.5%
Black African	128,791	24.5%	311,149	42.0%
Coloured	32,727	6.2%	18,514	2.5%
Indian or Asian	8,238	1.6%	14,298	1.9%
Other	–	–	8,667	1.2%
Total	525,387	100%	741,651	100%

Museums

Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History, a.k.a. African Window
Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
Freedom Park
Hapo Museum
Kruger House (residence of the president of the ZAR, Paul Kruger)
Mapungubwe Museum
Melrose House (the Treaty of Vereeniging which ended the Anglo-Boer War was signed here in 1902)
National Library of South Africa
Pioneer Museum
Pretoria Art Museum
Pretoria Forts
South African Air Force Museum
Transvaal Museum
Van Tilburg Collection
Van Wouw Museum
Voortrekker Monument
Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum
Sammy Marks House
SP Engelbrecht Museum (history of the NHK church)
Smuts House Museum

Freedom Park's amphitheatre
African Window
Paul Kruger's House
Melrose House

Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
Mapungubwe Collection
Pretoria Art Museum
Sammy Marks museum

Sakuuri

Primary education

Secondary education

Tɛmpileti:Div end

International schools

École Miriam Makeba (French school)
Deutsche Schule Pretoria (German school)
AISJ-Pretoria

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Pretoria is twinned with:

Tɛmpileti:Country data JOR Amman, Jordan^{[citation needed]}
Baku, Azerbaijan
Bucharest, Romania
Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Kumasi, Ghana^{[citation needed]}
Kyiv, Ukraine
Port Louis, Mauritius
Tɛmpileti:Country data TWN Taipei, Taiwan
Tɛmpileti:Country data IRN Tehran, Iran
Tɛmpileti:Country data USA Washington, D.C., United States

Places of interest

Tɛmpileti:Prose

Pretoria National Botanical Garden, a botanical garden containing a massive collection of native flora.
The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, the premier zoological gardens of South Africa.
Church Square, the historical governmental centre of the South African Republic.
Union Buildings, the executive branch of the South African government.
Mahlamba Ndlopfu, the official residence of the President of South Africa.
Marabastad, a historical shopping district for non-whites during Apartheid.
Menlyn Maine, a green city.
Menlyn Park, a shopping mall.
Voortrekker Monument, a historical complex dedicated to the Great Trek.
Hatfield Square, the main student relaxation district.
Pretoria railway station, a historical landmark and departure point for metrorail and Gautrain trains.
Freedom Park, a historical complex dedicated to the end of Apartheid and the fallen soldiers of South Africa after 1994.
Pretoria Forts, historical bastions designed to protect the city against the British, including a museum on the Boer Wars.
State Theatre, South Africa, the premier national performing arts complex.
Government House, Pretoria.