Pan-Africanism
| Aŋa yitaalombile | pan-nationalism  |
|---|
Pan-Africanism yɛ kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a yɛ le zaŋ waale ni yɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba yelŋmɛ a pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ ni ba yɛ pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ diaspora a ba zuori African yɛlɛ. Sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la goal a yɛ kpɛre yɛ African pɔge kɔntɔŋ sa Atlantic slave trade, Trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, slavery nɛ Cape Colony (ka yɛ South Africa), ni slavery nɛ Mauritius. Kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ Africa continent; ba kpɛrɛ support bɛɛ zɔŋ wɔ diaspora nɛ Americas ni Europe.[1]
Pɔge yɛle ka Pan-Africanism zaa yɛre nyɔge wɔ African pɔge zuori sa enslavement ni colonisation. Sa struggle bɛ zaŋ kpɛ ba kpɛrɛ resistance be yɛ la wɔ slave ships – rebellions ni suicides – ni plantation ni colonial uprisings, ni movements ka "Back to Africa" wɔ 19th century. Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la belief ka kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛ important la nɛ economic, social ni political development, na sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni zɔriɔ pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ.[2]
Na bie 20th century ta Pan-Africanism yɛle nyɔge la kpɛrɛ political kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a pɔge be zuori diaspora (pɔge be African yɛlɛ a ba yɛ wɔ out of continent) be yɛle kpɛ la. A 1900, Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinindadian lawyer, yɛle ka ba kpɛ la conference wɔ Westminster Hall, London, ka ba yɛ kpɛ la protest nɛ stealing of land nɛ colonies, racial discrimination, ni issues neɛ ka yɛ zɔriɔ black pɔge.[1]
Nɛ sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ core, Pan-Africanism yɛ belief ka “African pɔge, ba be continent so ni ba be diaspora so, ba kpɛ la nyɛ la common history, ni ba kpɛ la common destiny.” Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la feeling ka African pɔge be Americas, West Indies, ni continent be kpɛ nyɛ la one historical fate, kpɛrɛ wɔ slave trade nɛ Atlantic, African slavery, ni European imperialism.[1]
Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle kpɛ influence wɔ Organisation of African Unity (OAU) a yɛ African Union (AU) da nyɛ la a 1963. African Union Commission yɛ la headquarters wɔ Addis Ababa, ni Pan-African Parliament yɛ la seat wɔ Midrand, Johannesburg.[1]
Pan-Africanism yɛle da kpɛgɛɛrɛ nɛ zaŋ kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni yɔɔle kpɛ zaa pɔge a ba kpɛ waale. Pan-Africanism yɛ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ a governments be kpɛ la, ni grassroots kpɛmma zɔŋ be kpɛ la. Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba na: Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, François Duvalier, Aimé Césaire, Haile Selassie, Jomo Kenyatta, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Patrice Lumumba, Julius Nyerere, Robert Sobukwe, Ahmed Sékou Touré, Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Robert Mugabe, Thomas Sankara, Kwame Ture, Dr. John Pombe Magufuli, Muammar Gaddafi, Walter Rodney, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, grassroots kpɛgɛɛrɛ pɔge ka Joseph Robert Love, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, ni academics ka W. E. B. Du Bois, Anténor Firmin ni pɔge zaa be diaspora.[1]
Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ be yɛle ka solidarity yɛ kpɛ la zɔrɔ a Africa continent be tɔɔrɔ nyɛ la ni yɛ waale ba kpɛ wa kpɛrɛ nɔŋ nɛ ba be continent so. Nɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ a kpɛ Africa zaa yɛ one bɛkpɔgɔ ba yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa ni ba yɛ African pɔge zaa nɛ world so kpɛ waale.[1]
Ka Pan-Africanism goal yɛ kpɛ zaa, Africa bɛ zɔ la power, ni sa power bɛ kpɛrɛ ka world be kpɛ change la wɔ way be ba tɔ la resources. Sa kpɛrɛ bɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ psychological energy kpɛre kpɛ, ni bɛ kpɛ la strong political action... sa bɛ da kpɛ la power structures nɛ Americas ni kpɛgɛɛrɛ zaa wɔ world.[2]
Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ – yɛle ba “pan-Africans” anaa “pan-Africanists” – yɛ la kpɛ socialism principles, ni ba yɛle ka foreign governments anaa external influence wɔ Africa so yɛ da kpɛrɛ la. Nɛyɛlɛ, pɔge be kpɛ criticise Pan-Africanism, ba yɛle ka sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ kpɛ sɛrɛ kpɛ be zaa African pɔge yɛ la same experience. Ba kpɛ zaa kpɛgɛɛrɛ ka sa kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle nyɛ kpɛ rɛconciliation nɛ divisions be yɛ wɔ countries nɛ continent so ni within diaspora communities.[2]