National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America

A National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA) e la kpaaroŋ̍ kaŋ̍a na taa ba ananso ka ba nyɛ libie mine yi nimimaaroŋ deme zie yi a gbangbaare zemmo eŋɛ a United States.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Dakoroŋ Yԑlԑ

A nensɔɔlɔ nyɔgebo kyaare a Reparations a America poɔ da nyɛ la sommo a September 26, 1987,^[5] ka ba ŋmɛ yɛlɛ mine yaare kyɛ na sonna a reparations kyaare a gbangbaare na be a United States.^[6] Founders ko a N’COBRA da la Imari Obadele^[7] ^[8]ane Chokwe Lumumba; a founders mine meŋ da la National Conference nensɔɔlɔ na naŋ e lɔɔyare, a New Afrikan Peoples Organization, ane a Republic ko New Afrika.

A 1994, N'COBRA da taa la kpaaroŋ kyaare national noba na be Detroit. A kpaarooŋ̍ zusoba kaŋ̍a da la Queen Mother Moore,^[9] a founder ko Republic a New Afrika.

Organizational structure

A toma kyaare N'COBRA e la national commissions awai:^[10]

Economic Development
Human Resources
Legal Strategies
Legislation
Information and Media
Membership and Organizational Development
International Affairs
Youth
Education

N'COBRA mmbare paabo po-eŋ la gbullo ata mine: individual members, national ane local organizational chapters, ane organizational affiliates. N’COBRA membership taa la nyaamo yaga na be a United States ^[11](aseŋ Philadelphia) ^[12]ane ziiri mine na be a Africa, Europe, Central, ane South America, ane a Caribbean.

peraamere wederong ko organization taa ka kaabo ko national board daaratare.

Wederoŋ

Yi 2017, N'COBRA da tere la vuo a boɔrɔ reparations sommo ka ba e a community rehabilitation kyɛ ba e yɔɔbo ko a noba bana naŋ kaara a gbangbaԑ.

Juneteenth

N'COBRA da taa sommo ko Juneteenth — commemorating a emancipation kyaare gbangbae na be African Americans — ka o da e holidee a 1990s.^[13]

H.R. 40

H.R. 40,la da taa a yuori kyaare Commission ka o da zanne kyԑ maale Reparation Proposals ko African-Americans Act, e la a Congressional reparations ka o da zanne merԑ na da wulo John Conyers (D-MI) ane Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX) a kpaarong kanga zaa poɔ yi 1989.^[14]

A 2001, N'COBRA da yi wa la ka o da soŋ H.R.40; yelmeŋɛ zaa, a organization, na laŋ̍ tona ne chief legal consultant Adjoa Aiyetoro, da maaala la lawsuit ne a federal governmentka ba da sɔre reparations.

2016 Movement for Black Lives policy platform

A August 2016, a Movement ko Black Lives,lambo na da beebe kyaare Black Lives Matter movement, da tere la sobie tuuri mine kyaare lԑ ba na naŋ e reparations. ^[15]A kpaaroŋ da terԑԑ ayoɔbo mine, te paale 40 policy recommendations, kyɛ "sɔrɔ reparations yelbeԑre mine na da be a African-Americans gbanggbae ane sakuuri gaabo ne toma nyaamo lambori." Reuters la da ŋmԑ kpԑlle kyaare "saŋa na nensɔɔla na da de weԑ a kpaaroŋ lanne a decentralized Black Lives Matter movement da ba la tere sori ka ba da la sԑge yelyaga kyaare a foundational policy platform."^[16]

Yelwonni

Yelwonni na be N'COBRA da wulee ka a kpaaroŋ da ba e yelyaga a na zɛge a ananso kyaare reparations a U.S. Reparations ^[17]zanzanna William A. Darity Jr., aseŋ, sԑgԑԑ, "A ... NCOBRA yelnyɔgeraa kombaŋ taa eebo ne reparations yelboɔre ka ba maale yɔɔbo daadaa ko a nensɔɔlɔ American descendants na e a gbangbaare a be a U.S."^[18]

Mԑmbare Paale ane Koree Mine

Imari Obadele — co-founder
Chokwe Lumumba — co-founder
James Forman^[19]
Efia Nwangaza - National co-chair^[20]
Adjoa Aiyetoro — chief legal consultant
Robin Rue Simmons — lifetime member^[21]
Conrad Worrill — economic development commissioner

Meŋ kaa kyԑ nyԑ

H.R. 40 — Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act
H.R. 40 Wikiquotes
American Descendants of Slavery
Mayors Organized for Reparations and Equity
National African American Reparations Commission
Civil Liberties Act of 1988 — reparations to Japanese Americans interned by the United States government during World War II)
Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany (1952)

Nimitɔɔre kannoo

Aiyetoro, Adjoa; Davis, Adrienne D. (19 Jun 2010). "Historic and Modern Social Movements for Reparations: The National Coalition for Reparations in America (N'COBRA) and its Antecedents". Washington University in St. Louis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-06-08. SSRN 1626991.
Karenga, Maulana (22–23 June 2001). "The Ethics of Reparations: Engaging the Holocaust of Enslavement" (PDF). The National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Taifa, Nkechi; Lumumba, Chokwe (1993) [1983, 1987]. Reparations Yes (3rd ed.). Baton Rouge: House of Songhay.

Yiziiri mine

"US: Groups Ask Biden to Create Commission to Study Reparations: 150-foot Pan-African Flag Outside White House Raises Awareness of Slavery's Legacy". Human Rights Watch. June 16, 2022.
"'Why We Can't Wait' Coalition Statement on US Failure to Establish H.R. 40 / S. 40 Commission" (Press release). Human Rights Watch. August 23, 2022.
Hare, Breeanna; Criss, Doug (August 15, 2020). "Six questions about slavery reparations, answered". CNN.
Malveaux, Dr. Julianne (December 6, 2022). "An Executive Order for Reparations". Seattle Medium.

Zie kaŋa sommo meŋ

Sommo Yizie

[1] ttps://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/21/us/blacks-press-the-case-for-reparations-for-slavery.html

[2] ttps://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/04/us/calls-for-slavery-restitution-getting-louder.html

[3] ttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/what-to-know-about-calls-for-reparations-for-britains-legacy-of-slavery-in-the-caribbean

[4] ttps://www.yesmagazine.org/issue/science/2017/03/21/how-chicago-became-the-first-city-to-make-reparations-to-victims-of-police-violence

[5] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20250524164501/https://ncobra.org/aboutus/index.html

[6] ttps://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/

[7] ttps://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/06/us/06obadele.html

[8] ttps://www.springfield-ma.gov/cos/news-story?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=16140&cHash=a1eb084222797553936bc545ec5d1158

[9] ttps://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/07/nyregion/queen-mother-moore-98-harlem-rights-leader-dies.html

[10] ttps://evanstonroundtable.com/2023/02/23/national-reparations-awareness-day-celebrated-but-not-well-known/

[11] ttps://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/21/us/blacks-press-the-case-for-reparations-for-slavery.html

[12] ttps://billypenn.com/2023/01/20/philadelphia-reparations-commission-task-force-ncobra/

[13] ttps://evanstonroundtable.com/2023/02/23/national-reparations-awareness-day-celebrated-but-not-well-known/

[14] ttps://missouriindependent.com/2022/06/17/reparations-for-black-americans-seeing-unprecedented-national-support-advocates-say/

[15] ttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/black-lives-matter-campaign.html

[16] ttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-race/slavery-reparations-sought-in-first-black-lives-matter-agenda-idUSKCN10C3E1

[17] ttps://medium.com/@productionsporo/dereliction-of-duty-the-30-year-tenure-of-ncobra-by-kofi-changamire-d0184046d502

[18] ttps://moguldom.com/406406/are-naarc-and-ncobra-blocking-a-modern-lineage-based-reparations-claim/

[19] ttps://www.wsj.com/articles/the-long-history-of-american-slavery-reparations-11568991623

[20] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20240902012258/https://ncobra.org/resources/pdf/NOR%20Report%20-%20web.pdf

[21] ttps://nextcity.org/webinars/how-the-city-of-evanston-is-paying-reparations

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