Kasena Kɔkɔre

Kasena Kɔkɔre

kɔkɔre, modern language

Aŋa yitaalombile	Gurunsi
Paaloŋ	Burkina Faso, Ghana
Writing system	Latin script
Ethnologue language status	5 Developing

Kasena bee Kassena (Kasem bee Kassem) e la a kɔkɔre ko Kassena saaŋkompare naŋ paale a Gur kɔkɔɛ poɔ, noba naŋ be a Upper East Region a northern Ghana ane a Burkina Faso poɔ la yele ana kɔkɔre ŋa.

Voonoo

Sɛgebidaare

		Bilabial	Labio dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p		t			k
	voiced	b		d			ɡ
Nasal		m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Affricate	voiceless				t̠͡ʃ
	voiced				d̠͡ʒ
Fricative	voiceless		f	s				h
	voiced		v	z
Approximant				l		j	w
Trill				r

Sɛgebinyaŋene

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Near-close	ɪ		ʊ
Close-mid	e	ə	o
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open		a

Tone

Kasena taa la kɔkɔgaale ata, a duoruu kɔkɔgaale, a sɔga kɔkɔgaale ane sigiruu kɔkɔgaale. A kɔkɔgaale maŋ kyilee la yi a yelbiri meɛroŋ muni ko a yelbiri bee a yelbiri meɛroŋ muni.

Lexical

A

„I“

Á

„You (PL)“

Grammatical

Wu

Negation

Wú

Futur

Grammar

Noun class system

A yuori zagere anuu na baŋ taa la mannoo a Kasena poɔ. A zagere ama gaa pukyaarɛɛ a grammatical genders ane a nambare tɛɛtɛɛloŋ sere, ka a lɛ wuli ka yeni yuori parɛɛ anuu ane yagroŋ yuori meŋ parɛɛ anuu.

Gender	SG	PL	Gloss
1	bu	biə	child/children
2	bɪnɪ	bɪna	year(s)
3	naga	nɛ	foot/feet
4	piu	pweeru	montain(s)
5	bʊŋʊ	bʊm	goat(s)

Yoleɛrɛ

Personal and possessive pronouns

A personal pronouns po-eŋɛɛ ziiri ayi. A kaŋa kyaare la nensaala, kyɛ ka a kaŋa meŋ kyaare bombavoore. A personal pronouns meŋ taa baŋ taa la toma kyaare neŋ a possessive pronouns, ka a lɛ wuli ka a ba maŋ taa possessive pronouns a Kasena.

Human personal pronouns

Person	SG	PL	Gloss
1st	A	Dí	I/we
2nd	N	Á	You/you
3rd	O	Ba	He/she/They

Non-human personal pronouns

Class	SG	PL
I	O	Ba
II	Dɪ	Ya
III	Ka	Sɪ
IV	Kʊ	Tɪ
V	Kʊ	Dɪ

Emphatic pronouns

Person	SG	PL	Gloss
1st	amʊ	dcbam	Me/we
2nd	nmʊ	abam	You/you
3rd	wʊm/wʊntu	bam/bantʊ	He/she/they

Reciprocal pronouns

Reciprocity maŋ taa la eebo yi a yoleɛrɛ ŋa daanɪ, naŋ maŋ ta wagere kaŋa leɛ piiloo maraa bee baara maraa.

Ba

3PL

soe

like

daanɪ.

each.other

„They like each other.“

Reflexive pronouns

Reflexivity is maŋ taa la eebo kyaare a personal pronoun ka a tɪtɪ bee katɪ ('-meŋɛ') maŋ taa paaloo.

O

3SG

cɔgɪ

destroy

o

3SG

tɪtɪ.

self

„He destroys himself.“

Ŋmɛ-taare Yoleɛrɛ

Ŋmɛ-taare yoleɛrɛ maŋ taa la eebo yi a yelbipiilaa naŋ be a Meŋɛ yoleɛrɛ kyaare bombavoore ka a suffix -lʊ maŋ gaa paale o.

Class	SG	PL
I	wʊlʊ	balʊ
II	dɪlʊ	yalʊ
III	kalʊ	sɪlʊ
IV	kʊlʊ	tɪlʊ
V	kʊlʊ	dɪlʊ

Indefinite pronouns

Class	Number	Certain	Some	Any
I	SG	wʊdoŋ	---	wʊlʊ wʊlʊ
I	PL	badonnə	badaara	balʊ balʊ
II	SG	dɪ doŋ	---	dɪlʊ dɪlʊ
II	PL	yadonnə	yadaara	yalʊ yalʊ
III	SG	kadoŋ	---	kalʊ kalʊ
III	PL	sɪdonnə	sɪdaara	sɪlʊ sɪlʊ
IV	SG	kudoŋ	---	kʊlʊ kʊlʊ
IV	PL	tɪdonnə	tɪdaara	tɪlʊ tɪlʊ
V	SG	kudoŋ	---	kʊlʊ kʊlʊ
V	PL	dɪdonnə	dɪdaara	dɪlʊ dɪlʊ

Demonstrative pronouns

Class	SG	Gloss	PL	Gloss
I	wuntu	this/that	bantu	these/those
II	dɪntu	this/that	yantu	these/those
III	kantu	this/that	sɪntu	these/those
IV	kuntu	this/that	tɪntu	these/those
V	kuntu	this/that	dɪntu	these/those

Interrogative pronouns

Class	SG who, what, which	PL who, what, which	How much
I	wɔɔ	bra	bagra
II	dɔɔ	yɔɔ	yagra
III	kɔɔ	sɔɔ	sɪgra
IV	kɔɔ	tɔɔ	tɪgra
V	kɔɔ	dɔɔ	dɪgra

Syntax

Yelbie Tutaaloŋ

A Kasena kɔkɔre taa la SVO yelbie tutaaloŋ.

Ada

Ada

diim

yesterday

toŋe.

work.PFV

„Ada worked yesterday.“