Vare le yelbulo

Hayoyo

Yizie Wikipiideɛ
Hayoyo
taxon
Aŋa yitaalombileuseful plant, annual plant Maale eŋ
Has usefodder, medicinal plant, vegetable Maale eŋ
Short nameI. aquatica Maale eŋ
Taxon nameIpomoea aquatica Maale eŋ
Taxon rankspecies Maale eŋ
Parent taxonIpomoea Maale eŋ
Has fruit typecapsule Maale eŋ
IUCN conservation statusLC Maale eŋ
External data available at URLhttps://www.gbif.org/dataset/93725bf2-6ada-47f9-bd5e-0e679e3d245e Maale eŋ
Hardiness of plant2 Maale eŋ
Taxon rangeBeijing, China, Tibet Autonomous Region, Guangdong, Myanmar Maale eŋ
Taxon author citationForssk. Maale eŋ
GRIN URLhttps://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=20138 Maale eŋ

Ipomoea aquatic (Ayoyo) la ka noba yaga baŋ ka ba boɔlɔ spinach bee kangkung, A e la zɛvaare mine naŋ maŋ noŋ ka buli koɔ zie, o e la zɛbaare o nyaɛa naŋ maŋ buli kpɛ teŋɛ. O e la bone kaŋa noba naŋ baŋ ka Southeast Asia poɔ noba daŋ de weɛŋ baŋ a zɛvaare ŋa. Ka foo gaa Southeast Asia, East East Asia, ane South Asia poɔ a zɛvaare ŋa e la bone naŋ pore a be, peɛroo wuli ka be la ka ba koɔrɔ gyamaa a ŋag ziezaa. Ba bore a la peɛle be koɔ bee be a teŋɛ naŋ maŋ maa wagere zaa, ka naŋ wa buli baare ba maŋ taa wagere ko kyɛ a maŋ maale la.[1]

Waaloŋ/ Bigiruu

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Ayoyo baabo zie la koɔ bee temmaaroŋ poɔ. Ayoyo ulii wogiluŋ maŋ e ŋa 2-3 mita, (7-10 ft), o maŋ tɛ la nyege ka a tutaa. A vuo na naŋ maŋ be a ulii poɔ la maŋ vɛŋ ka a teɛ e bone na maŋ dɔgele a koɔ zu soga kyɛ ba lim. A vaare maŋ taa la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi lɛ a naŋ ba ta na,( a vaare maŋ te taa la nɔkyɔŋkyɔnlaa) ka o wogiloŋ na baŋ e 5-6 ɔm (2-6 in) ane a yɛloŋ meŋ maŋ baŋ e la  2-8 ɔm (0.8-3 in). A puuru maŋ waa ŋa bompeɛlaa na e ŋa 3-5 ɔm (1-2 in) o yɛloŋ la lɛ. gbɛɛ yaga o maŋ e la peɛlaa kyɛ ka bon-ulu kaŋa a be a soga poɔ. A sɛlloo, neɛ na baŋ vɔ sɛlle la bee ka o soba ŋmaa te sɛlle kya ka a naŋ baa, bee ka fo bore a bie daadaa lɛ a yi a wɔmɔ poɔ.[2][3]

Yuori  

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Ipomoea aquatic (ayoyo) e la bone noba yaga naŋ baŋ kaba boɔlɔ Kangkong ( ka mine maŋ sɛge, Kangkung), a yuori ŋa la ka noba yaga a baŋ Maritime Southeast Asia poɔ, ka yineŋ aŋa a yuori yi la Malay bee Philippines[1] kɔkɔre kaŋa poɔ. A yuori mine noba naŋ baŋ la water spinach, river spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus,bee ka mine boɔlɔ,  Chinese spinach, Chinese watercress, Chinese convolvulus bee swamp cabbage. A China poɔ ba mine boɔlɔ a la ka kōngxīncài (空心菜) a Mandarin poɔ, ong choy (蕹菜) poɔ ba boɔlɔ la Cantonese ane ka Hawaii, ane tung choi (通菜) ka ba boɔlɔ o modern Cantonese.[4][5]

A Yiibu Zie ane Lɛ Lɔŋ

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

A  Ipomoea aquatic ( Ayoyo) zɛvaare ŋa yiibu taa la buriburuu a ko noba, a naŋ wa tɔ zenɛ, kyɛ noba yaga de la ka Southeast Asia noba la wane a zɛvaare ŋa bee ba naŋ la daŋ piili a koɔbo. A peɛpeɛrebɛ naŋ maŋ peɛrɛ yele a kyaare boma yiibu zie wuli ka bee meŋ sage ka Ayoyo zɛvaare ŋa yi la a Southeast Asia poɔ, bonso ba peɛro wuli ka a noba na noɔre naŋ dire a zɛvaare ŋa ane noba na noɔre naŋ koɔrɔ a zɛvaare ŋa, ane noba lɛ noɔre naŋ naŋ de ka e tẽẽ, A yelkaŋa ba na la kaa la a yoe lɛ noɔre banaŋ ko a zɛvaare ŋa.[1][6]

Peɛro yaga meŋ wuli ka China bee India poɔ la ka zɛvaare ŋa be. A peɛroo ŋa ba sommo yizie naŋ wuli ka be la ka a sereŋ yi bee a be.A yuori danweɛŋ soba da boɔle la aquatic a yi  China  Nanfang Caomu Zhuang poɔ, Chines botanist Ji Han (AD 263-307) la sɛge a yuori ŋa. Ji Han la e neɛ naŋ wa a yuori  I. aquatic, a da e la zɛvaare saana kaŋ naŋ be a south poɔ. Kyɛ noba mine meŋ wuli ka india poɔ la ka zɛvaare teɛ ŋa yi bonso a yokoraa  Kalamba e la teɛ a Sanskrit, noba de la ka yuori bebe a 200 BC yuom poɔ.[1]

Ipomoea aquatic (Ayoyo) meŋ be la Africa poɔ. A southwestern Pacific Islands, ane northern Australia. A Africa ane Pacific Island poɔ, a yotɛɛtɛɛ naŋ be a Southeast Asia poɔ ba be a Afrika poɔ, ane a yotɛɛtɛɛ ama zaa Asia poɔ maŋ taa la ba saaŋkompare bondemannewulaa ba naŋ maŋ de manne I. aquatic. Australia poɔ, o ba taa yotɛɛtɛɛ, o meŋ gba ba taa saaŋkompare yuori kɔkɔre kaŋa zaa poɔ. I. aquatic ba e ba saaŋkompare kɔkɔre yebiri ba da nyɛ la ka a yuori yi la Asia paaloŋ poɔ.[1]

Composition

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Faŋa terebo

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Kaa nyɛ: Stir-fried water spinaɔh

Faabo/ kpeɛŋaa

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Emmaaroŋ yelferee
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Ziiri yaga ba naŋ maŋ bore ayoyo a yie poɔ maŋ peɛle la saga kyirebaroo zie bee zie ba naŋ kyire koɔ bara. Dobaare naŋ be a Southeast Asia anaŋ la a naaŋmene boŋ irii naŋ na maŋ soŋ gu bon-ɛgere taa ka pare booroo a ta kpi baare aseŋ  Fasciolopsis buski. Baaloŋ a Mekonŋ irigin poɔ da be a ayoyo poɔ. BF. Buski baaloŋ naŋ be nensaalba poɔ a yi la ayoyo  diibu zie.  A baaloŋ ŋa na gu la a yi dɔgebo bee kyeenoo.[7] Zie na a baaloŋ na maŋ tu kyɛ kpɛ e la gyamaa, a baaloŋ mine la thermotolerant coliforms (ThC) or protozoan parasites, a baaloŋ ŋa na baŋ yi la a tembɛrɛ poɔ ba naŋ sɛlle bee bore. Ayoyo taa la tɔnɔ yaga ka banaŋ wa pɛge a soŋ[8]. A e la boma taa boma yaga a poɔ aseŋ,  cadmium, lead, ane mercury a ne a mine kaŋa. A boma amaŋ naŋ baŋ taa la yelfaa kaŋa a ko nensaala bee dɔnne meŋa gba a yi be ba naŋ bore a, aseŋ ka Mercury wa be a ayoyo poɔ, a baaloŋ kaŋa ana na baŋ ko neɛ la  methylmercury, ka baaloŋ ŋa wa nyɔge fo, a na e kpeɛŋaa ka ba sane fo. A zɛvaare ŋa diibu zie maŋ e la fẽẽ lɛ. A uli ane a seɛ la e a diibu zie, sɛre ka fo na di a, ziiri mine bebe ka a seŋ ka fo iribare kyɛ baŋ di ka lɛ naane a na ko fo la baaloŋ.[9][10]

De Eebo

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Culinary

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

A zɛvaare ŋa e la bone naŋ pore a East, South ane Southeast Asian poɔ, aseŋ stir-fried water spinach.[11] A Singapore, Indonesia, ane Malaysia, a teɛ ne buli poɔ maŋ laŋ pore yi ne a vaare ana la ka ba maŋ kyeeŋ ne  chili pepper, garlic, ginger, dried shrimp paste (belacan/terasi) ane spices mine kaŋa. Penang ane Ipoh poɔ, ba maŋ de maale ne la  cuttlefish (zum kaŋa bale) ane bonnoɔ kaŋa a paale  spicy sauce. A ama la ka ba boɔlɔ ka eng chhai a Hokkien kɔkɔre poɔ, ba meŋ na baŋ doge la a la ne  zum kaŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka cuttlefish, a de meele ne rojak ka a toɔ leɛ a jiiu hu eng chhai. Ka eng chhai dogere meŋ wa la, ba na baŋ de ko ne la neɛ krill noodles- belacan bihun – ane prawn mi. ba naŋ bɛŋ ka a mii a zaa.[12]

Burmese cuisine poɔ, ayoyo zɛvaare la e a ba bebiri bondirii ka ba boɔlɔ ka Burmese Salad anaŋ ka noba yaga baŋ ka ba boɔlɔ a paaloŋ poɔ ka gazun ywet thoke (ကန်စွန်းရွက်သုပ်), Ayoyo vaare la ka ba maŋ saaŋ ne, e juice, fried garlic and garlic oil, roasted rice flour and dried shrimp.[13]

Indonesian cuisine poɔ, ba boɔlɔ o la ka Kangkung, dogebo bee saamo ba naŋ de zɛvaare minea lantaa maale ne gado-gado bee pecel salad a yi seŋkãã poɔ poɔ. Bondimaaleba mine naŋ maŋ maale koɔrɔ kangkung maŋ de la  plecing kangkung a yi ne Lombok poɔ, mie kangkung (kangkung noodles) a yi ne Jakarta ane petis kangkung  a meŋ yi ne semarang poɔ.[14]

Thailand poɔ, a be ba da boɔlɔ o la ka Phak bung (Thai ) a boŋkɛraa a lɛ ka ba maŋ di, gbɛɛ yaga aneŋ  green papaya salad bee nam phrik,  stir-fries and in curries aseŋ kaeng som.[15]

Philippines poɔ, be la ka boɔlɔ ka kangkong, a be, ba maŋ ŋmaŋma a la bibili lɛ a doge ne zɛvaare minea lantaa, zume, ane nɛne ka ba maŋ de maale ne aseŋ, sinigang. A zɛvaare ama gbɛɛ yaga nemboyeni la maŋ dire a. A adobong kangkong (ana ka ba boɔlɔ ka apan-apan) A soŋ zaa la ka fooŋ wa de kãã, zama, garlike, vinegar, ane soy sauce.[16] ensaladang kangkóng (bee kinilaw na kangkong) ba maŋ saaŋ la ne vinegar bee  calamansi ane tomanto maara ane zama a poɔ nyenoo bee nyaaroŋ a paale sɛmaane ka na taa noɔ kaŋa.[17][18] A binagoongang kangkóng  (bee ginisang kangkong), ba maŋ de maale ne la garlic ane bagoong alamang bee bagoong isda (zume maara) a laŋ ne toose maara ane zama, gbɛɛ yaga maŋ de a la lantaa a meele ne eŋ dobaa puoriŋ  bee pork adobo. Ba maŋ baŋ de a la a meele ne siling haba bee siling labuyo sɛmaane, sɛmakɛrɛ, sikere ane bɛŋgbale. A maŋ e la tɛɛtɛɛ ne a adobong kangkong, a ama eŋ ba ba derɛ a vinegar pullo ne.[19][20][21][22] Saaŋkompare bondiraa kaŋa naŋ maŋ daŋ bale koŋ sɛre kyɛ ka o daana paa te boɔrɔ bondiraa na di, la ka ba boɔlɔ  crispy kangkóng, a e la boma naŋ e vaare a be zuŋ poɔ a paale  crisp ba naŋ kyeeŋ, a maŋ yitaa ne la  Japanese zɛvaare mine ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka temura.[23][24]

Chinese cuisine, Ayoyo  e zɛvaare kaŋa booro naŋ pore a be, gbɛɛ ba maŋ kyeeŋ a la ne garliɔ, tofu banaŋ biŋ ka a mii, bee  chili, ama maŋ yi la lɛ ba naŋ boɔraa a irigin na poɔ.  southern China poɔ la ka ba nɔŋ a lɛ, a pãã a  Guangdong ane Fujian, a be a bondirii ama e bondiraa ba naŋ toɔ a maale o wieŋ a ko saama. Sichuan cuisine poɔ. Taiwan poɔ, ba maŋ maale a la a yi ŋa ne a Southeast Asia poɔ, bɛŋgbale ane shrimp ba naŋ deɛle ka a ko ka ba de umami a paaale.[25]

Degere iri baroo/Pɛgebo

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

A  aquatic macrophytes la ka maŋ de a pɛge ne ayoyo vaare ane ayoyo vamaara, a gu a eutrophication baaloŋ poɔ.  Peɛro wuli ka ka fooŋ de a tẽẽ ama pɛge a zɛvaare a ŋaa yoŋ la e a soŋ zie. Zɛvaare yaga zie a laŋ ne ayoyo vaare e la boma ba naŋ maŋ de e ne. A e la boma naŋ e bondirii kyɛ taa daa, a koɔrɔ a be tuo, a e la boma neɛzaa naŋ baŋ a diibu maŋ boorɔ.[26]

Dɔnne Bondirii

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Ayoyo e la boma banaŋ ma de guoli ne dɔnne, a maŋ koro la a dɔnne faŋa, a zagere a zaa a vaare, a e la boŋ soŋ kaŋa a puuru  naŋ e boma dɔnne naŋ nɔŋ. Nii, dobaare, dabodabo, ane nɔbilii la ka ba maŋ de a boma ko a di.[27] Ka fooŋ la de a boma ama a ko bee a guoli ne fo dɔnne gaali a meŋ na la baŋ ko a la baaloŋ.[1]

Tẽẽ

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
A zie ŋa  boorɔ sommo yizie naŋ kyaare ne tẽẽ-erɛ, ka o soba na baŋ e neɛ banaŋ na baŋ peɛre yaga, bee ka wuli ka o soba la daŋ piili a tẽẽ eebo.  Zɛloo la maaleŋ kaa a zie ŋa yelzu  kyɛ de a sommo yizie a eŋ paale. Ka a sommo yizie ba tori bee ka zie na o naŋ te nyɛ a boma ka anaŋ ba wa tori,ba naŋ baŋ iri a la bare. Bɔ : “Ayoyo”  -duoro. Duoro gampɛle. Gama. Zannoo boɔbo zie. (Gonseɛ kyuu 2025)

Ayoyo e boma ba naŋ maŋ de maale ne saaŋkompare tẽẽ a southeast Asia ane a Africa poɔ, a e la boma banaŋ maŋ de maale ne ba maŋ de maale ne la tẽẽ ba saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ. A Southeast Asian poɔ a tẽẽ ama la ka ba maŋ de sane kookoo (mɔnsuurigeri), ane nyɔbogiri naŋ maŋ kyiri zee, anaŋ ka bɔrefɔ maŋ boɔle  anthelmintic, ameŋ maŋ sane zẽẽ do baaloŋ anaŋ ka bɔrefɔ maŋ boɔle ka (high blood pressure).  Teŋɛ kaŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ Ayurveda poɔ, vaare ama ba maŋ de iri ne la baaloŋ mine naŋ maŋ nyɔge neɛ ka o soba nimie e zeɛ lɛ.[28] A e la tẽẽ na be Sri Lanka poɔ, ayoyo e la boma naŋ da seŋ ka a taa tɔnɔ yaga.

Christophe Wiart wuli la sommo yizie yaga naŋ kpɛ gama poɔ, o wuli ka a be noba yaga zẽẽ poɔ ane gyɔŋgboni poɔ, o baaroo poɔ o yeli ka asipiti meŋa poɔ, peɛroo wuli ka yelmeŋa la.[29]

Antioxidant bioactive compounds ane anti-microbial, peɛro wuli ka a boma ama ayi maŋ baŋ be ayoyo koɔ poɔ.[30] A yi be meŋ, teere anaŋ baŋ maŋ vɔ yi ne koɔ poɔ maŋ taa la zikuu baaloŋ a poɔ naŋ baara,  Hep-2, ane A-549.[28]

Koɔbo

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Kangkong nimizej deebo a Angat baa poɔ Philippines

Ayoyo e la boma koɔbo naŋ pore east, south, ane southeast Asia poɔ. A maŋ baa la soŋ zie na koɔ naŋ be, anaŋ maŋ baa koɔ zie azuiŋ ka fooŋ ko a bee sɛlle a fo ba maŋ maaleŋ kaara a zu yaga lɛ aŋa lɛ banaŋ maŋ ko weɛ boma a kaa a lɛ ka a baa soŋ. A tonnɔɛ waa yaga lɛ tenne yaga poɔ aseŋ,  Indonesian, Burmese, Thai, Lao, Cambodian, Malay, Vietnamese, Filipino, ane Chinese cuisine, zagere zaa a kori  bee kampong. A zɛvaare e la boma noba naŋ baŋ yaga Taiwan, poɔ la ka boma maŋ baa soŋ. A saŋa na Japanese ane Singapore tendaazaa zɔɔre poɔ, zɛvaare da maŋ baa la a ziiri ama soŋ.

kangkong naŋ be Bulacan, Philippines poc

Peɛroo wuli ka a tenne ama naŋ tu a pulliŋ poɔ la ka ba maaleŋ koɔrɔ ayoyo yaga aŋa a taaba zaa, ka ana la,[1][31]

·        Australia

·        Bangladesh

·        Burma

·        Cambodia

·        China

·        Fiji

·        India

·        Maldives

·        Indonesia

·        Japan

·        Malaysia

·        Nepal

·        New Guinea

·        Philippines

·        Sri Lanka

·        Taiwan

·        Thailand

·        Vietnam

A United States poɔ, ba koɔrɔ a la a  California, Florida, Hawaii, Texas, Arizona, ane the U.S. Virgin Islands.[32] Peɛro wuli ka a be Africa kyɛ a nyaabo e la kpeɛŋaa. Ba wuli ka Tanzania noba mine ba naŋ boɔlɔ ba ka Sambaa la dire a boma ama yaga.[1][33]

Ayoyo koɔbo yelsoŋ kaŋa la ka fo sɛlle a viiri yiri a maŋ vɛŋ ka a yiri a veɛle ka fooŋ gaa tembɛrɛ poɔ noba maŋ kɔ a la viiri ba yie.[31]

A meŋ baa la wieŋ ka fooŋ bore a eŋ kobilii poore kyɛ koro a koɔ gborɔgborɔ kyɛ meŋ naŋ vɛŋ ka a nyɛrɛ ŋmenaa veɛloŋ a na baa la foŋ. A  maŋ ŋmɔre la baa iri wieŋ a manne ŋmaabo.[27]

Lɛ a tɛne ane a zie naŋ seŋ ka waa sɛre ka ba bore kangkong bee ayoyo bee koɔvaare
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Kangkong ba naŋ bore babeɛraa poɔ, Dili, Timor-Leste

Kangkong bee ayoyo, e la boma naŋ boorɔ zie naŋ taa maaroŋ, ka a zie maaroŋ wa be puliŋ a ba ta 23.9 °C bee (75.0 °F) lɛ wuli ka zie na ba maa. Zie na maaroŋ naŋ do saa la ka a maŋ toɔ baa soŋ. Yageraa ane tɛmpelaa zie la maŋ taa poɔruŋ azuiŋ be la e zisoŋ maale ne kangkong. A lɛ a zie naŋ seŋ ka o maa ta a maale ne kangkong borebo la 5 te ta ŋa 7 na. peɛro meŋ wuli ka teere maaroŋ meŋ e la boŋkaŋa puliŋ kangkong naŋ maŋ baa soŋ.

Saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ lɛ ba naŋ maŋ kɔ a.

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
kangkong naŋ buli a hydroponiɔs, greenhose naŋ be Sand Island, Midway Atoll

Kangkong koɔbo taa la tɛɛtɛɛ yaga a yi lɛ fo naŋ boɔrɔ ka o kɔ a. Hong Kong poɔ, a koɔbo parɛɛ ayi la be ba saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ, zikuoŋaa koɔbo ane koɔzie koɔbo bee zimaaroŋ poɔ koɔbo.

A zikuoŋaa koɔbo, kangkong bie la ka ba maŋ de yaare dɔgele kpokpori zu ba naŋ ŋmaa kyɛ bare foɔle ka koɔ na maŋ gaŋ ka ba ɔnnɔ a mɛrɛ ne a bombulo. Amene meŋ ba maŋ buoli la a bie ka anaŋ wa baa ta taabo kaŋa ka paa vɔ te sɛlle. Lɛ zaa paa na kyɛ ka fooŋ wa sɛllɛ a vori naŋ seŋ ka a be a poɔ seŋ ka e ŋa 12 ɔm, (4.7 in ) ka ana wa baa ka a wogiloŋ ta ŋa 15 ɔm, ( 5.9 in ). A zikuoŋaa koɔbo wagere zaa seŋ ka merɛ koɔ tigitigilɛ kyɛ ka fo naŋ enne a kuoluŋ. Kangkong koɔbo ne zikuoŋaa,wagere anaŋ maŋ de kyɛ seŋ diibu e la bebie 50 te ta ŋa bebie 60 a yi a daare anaŋ bore. A deebo, fo maŋ voɔ na ne a nyege zaa.[34]

Zimaaroŋ Koɔbo la e ba saaŋkompare koɔbo yaga naŋ baŋ kyɛ e bonne naŋ taa tɔnɔ yaga Hong Kong: A zimaaroŋ koɔbo, kangkong boɔrɔ la zie naŋ gaŋ tori kyɛ paa ŋmaa viiri ne koɔ, gbɛɛ a ziiri ama la ka ba da maŋ bore mui a dasaŋa. A ziiri ama ba naŋ da maŋ kɔ mui maŋ taa tɛnne naŋ sunni yaga. A sunni ama zuiŋ a maŋ toɔ la koɔ taa a ko kangkong a baara soŋ. A koɔbo ŋa tɔ gbɛɛ yaga a bie maŋ buoli la zikuoŋa poɔ ka ba merɛ koɔ ka anaŋ paa wa buli baare ka ba paa vɔ te sɛlle. A yi borebo bebiri ka anaŋ wa nyɛ dare ayoɔbo lɛ wuli ka seŋ la ŋmaabo bee voɔbo. A ŋmaabo poɔ kaŋazaa wogiloŋ seŋ ka o ta ŋa 30 ɔm (12 in ), a yi be meŋ kaŋazaa seŋ ka o taa ŋa uli ayɔpoi bee anii (7 bee 8 ) A ŋaa zaa poɔ kyɛ vori na maŋ be a sɛlloo pɔ maŋ e la 40 ɔm (16 in ). A koɔbo maŋ maale ka o sigi a ta ŋa 3 te ta ŋa 5 ɔm (1.2 te ta ŋa 2.0 in ). A deebo ba maŋ vɛŋla ka zie maaŋ a te e maramara lɛ ka voɔbo toɔ e mɔlɔ. ka anaŋ wa vɔ baare zie maŋ la do la saa, a zuiŋ a zie sigibu maŋ la gaa la nimitoɔre.a ta ŋa 15 te ta ŋa 20 ɔm ( 5.9 te ta ŋa 7.9). A paa la yi be meŋ a zimaaroŋ koɔbo deebo ne a zikuoŋaa koɔbo deebo maŋ e la tɛɛtɛɛ. A deebo danweɛ soba a zimaaroŋ koɔbo poɔ maŋ de ŋa bebie lezare ne pie (30) a yi a bore bebiri. A zimaaroŋ koɔbo, a deebo saŋa bee deebo poɔ ba maŋ ŋmara la a do gaa a seɛ eŋɛ. Ka banaŋ wa ŋmaa a ŋaa baare amaŋ baa la zo gbɛɛ a gaŋ teŋɛ kyɛ paa la tɛ ulee a baa do saa. Ka fooŋ wa de a danweɛŋ soba baare a paa yi be ka anaŋ wa bebie ayɔpoi kyɛ gaa a ŋa  bebie pie zaa poɔ neɛ na baŋ ŋmaa a la. A weɛ maŋ ko la ka a kangkong wɔmɔ wa moɔ la lɛ, a boŋkuoni la ka ba maŋ de, ba maŋ de za la teŋɛ a toɔ iri a bie, a  la bore a puoriŋ.[34]

Kuoluŋ de emmo
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Kuoluŋ lɛ noɔre naŋ na seŋ ne kangkonŋ koɔbo na yi la a paaloŋ na poɔ fo naŋ koɔrɔ a. Peɛroo ŋa yaga zie yi la a 1980 ane 1990 yuomo poɔ. Yelmeŋa zaa a sereŋ wuli ka 60kg (130 ib) a kuoluŋ semmo la lɛ, la maŋ baŋ seŋ, ka fooŋ eŋ a K ana baŋ maale la a bombuli. A yi be a kuoluŋ emmo taa la sobie mine, aseŋ, Adenine ane Zetanine, nyɛ la ka kangkong taa la tɔnɔ ka a seŋ ka ba soŋ e ka a yuori yi ka gyamaa baŋ a. Peɛroo kaŋa wuli ka sɛre ka fo na baŋ kɔ nyɛ kangkong yaga, a seŋ ka fo de 6okg/ha ne N, 90 kg/ha ne P2O5 ane 50kg/ha ne K2O[27] a danweɛŋ emmo soba la lɛ. A ayi soba sɛre ka fo de a a koɔbo poɔ, a seŋ ka fo kuoluŋ aŋa 120kg/ha ne N, 45 kg/ha ne P2O5 ane 100kg/ha ne K2O.

Taiwan: Taiwan poɔ, ba taa la lɛ noɔre ba naŋ maŋ eŋ kuoluŋ a kangkong poɔ, 10 t/ha ne nao bini kuoluŋ a yi be ka ba eŋ 50 kg/ha ne a nansaal kuoluŋ naŋ na maŋ waa ŋa nyennoo na, ka de kaŋa zaa baare.[27]

Bankok: Bangkok poɔ, kuoluŋ emmo aŋa 300 kg/ha ne NPK kuoluŋ pore a be, banaŋ ba maŋ eŋ la gbɛreboyi.[27]

Indonesia: Indonesia poɔ, a be poɔ ba maŋ de 150 kg te ta ŋa 300 kg ne NKP a eŋ eka boŋyeni.[27]

Zanzulo ane Boŋ-agere
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Tortoise beetle mare kangkong vaare eŋɛ

Boŋ-agere ane zanzulo gyamaa yaga beba ka noba manne ka a saana la kangkong bara.  Zanzulo a paale a taaba mine poɔ la a boŋ-agere aseŋ  Cercospora na maŋ ɔrɔ kangkong vaɛ ane a nyege zaa. A aphide meŋ na baŋ e la a boŋ-agere   kaŋa a kangkong vaare na e a meŋ bondirii.  A yi be meŋ, boŋ-agere gyamaa bebe a kangkong naŋ e a meŋ bondirii. Lapidoptera e la a boŋkaŋa a paale la Diacrisia strigatula Walker ane Spodoptera litura poɔ.  A “wooly-bear” zanzulo  (D. virginica [Fabricius]) ana la be bee a yi a eastern United States ane D. strigatula (Chinese tiger moth) meŋ e la a bon-agere mine meŋ naŋ nɔŋ a nensaaleba bondirii.[35]  A zaere a zaa ko kangkong ona la e  oomycete Albugo ipomoeae-aquaticae, aneazaa ka a be southern ane southeast Asia poɔ.[1]

Lɔnno/yaaro (Invasiveness)
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Kangkong  poɔ la USDA bonkoɔre[36] mine poɔ ba naŋ sɛge biŋ. A zagere a zaa a Florida, California, and Hawaii, a be fo na baŋ nyɛ a la ziezaa ka a baara kperaa lɛ.[37] A US poɔ, kangkong da e boŋkaŋa naŋ e yelwonnaa a ko a Floride paaloŋ noba.[34] Noba yaga ba baŋ a pare bee lɛ a na ta ka te e ba yelferaa naŋ ferɛ ba. Aneazaa ka manne ka a maŋ baa la wieŋ a Florida paaloŋ mine.[38] A meŋ naŋ baŋ wuli ka wagere na banaŋ de baŋ ne a bee a meŋ na baŋ yi la a ba paaloŋ zie. Ka fo gaa Texas poɔ, kangkong pore la a be, a be la a be a pare yuomo lezare ne pie (30), Asian noba da tuo a gaane a be. Bonso bonzaa ba wuli ka a teɛ ŋa pori wa yi la a be, Texas paaloŋ noba da iri la a noɔre bee a merɛ ba naŋ eŋ ka neɛzaa maŋ kɔ o yoŋ diibu eŋɛ, ba da vɛŋe la ka neɛzaa baŋ ka bonzaa ba taa tɔnɔ a ŋag zɛvaare paaloŋ gyamaa zaa poɔ, ba paa da tere la vuo ka neɛ na baŋ koɔre a la[39], kyɛ sɛre ka neɛ na baŋ koɔre a, a soba seŋ ka o taa sɛtifikete. 1973 poɔ, ka neɛ taa kangkong Florida poɔ, a da e la bonfaa banaŋ kyiiri a ba maŋ sage ka nyɛ a ne nimiri. Kyɛ aneazaa noba da maŋ sɔgele kɔ a la a naŋ koɔre a paale. A yɛlɛ mine naŋ da erɛ a Florida paaloŋ yi bee a ŋmaa sigi la bee maale eŋ la.[40] A Sri Lanka  poɔ, a maŋ baa lazikoɔ zie , be a maŋ baa la a e wogiri ka uli iri do laara, a maŋ baŋ te pigi la a koɔ ka a ba toɔnɔ zoro gba, a gba koŋ baŋ sage ka gbori a toɔ zo tɔle a be.[41]

Enfuomo Daga

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Sommo Yizie

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Austin, Daniel F. F. "Water Spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica, Convolvulaceae) a Food Gone Wild." Ethnobotany Research and Applications 5 (2007): 123-46. Web.
  2. ↑ "Growing kangkong in water". curiousgardener.com. 15 September 2011.
  3. ↑ "Kangkungking.com". Kangkungking.com. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  4. ↑ "Kangkong / Ipomoea aquatica Forsk./ POTATO VINE / Herbal Medicinal Therapies / Philippine Alternative Medicine". Stuartxchange.org. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  5. ↑ "Chinese water spinach, or kangkong - eaten across Asia, a weed in the US". 13 November 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  6. ↑ Li, H.-L. 1970. The origin of cultivated plants in Southeast Asia. Economic Botany 24:3-19.
  7. ↑ Yoshihara, S., Hung, N. P., Hung, N. H., Loc, C. B. "Helminths and Helminthiosis of Pigs in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam with Special Reference to Ascariosis and Fasciolopsis buski Infection." Jarq 33, 193-199 (1999)
  8. ↑ Vuong TA, Nguyen TT, Klank LT, Phung DC, Dalsgaard A."Faecal and protozoan parasite contamination of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivated in urban wastewater in Phnom Penh, Cambodia." Tropical Medicine and International Health, 73-81 (2007)
  9. ↑ Gosh, S. "Wetland Macrophytes as toxic metal accumulators" International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 523-528 (2010)
  10. ↑ Göthberg A., Greger, M., Bengtsson, E. "Accumulation of heavy metals in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivated in the Bangkok region, Thailand" Environmental Toxicology, 1934-1939 (2009)
  11. ↑ "Water spinach and coconut stir-fry (kankun mallung)". SBS Food. 23 July 2013.
  12. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  13. ↑ "https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels
  14. ↑ Maharani, Ainda Seprita. "Petis Kangkung Kuliner Khas Legendaris di Semarang, Catat 5 Rekomendasi Lokasi yang Bisa Dikunjungi". suaramerdeka.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  15. ↑ "Nutritional composition of traditional Thai foods used local vegetables" (PDF). Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  16. ↑ Piccio, Belle. "Apan-apan: The Dish Reflective of the Tradition of Ilonggo Farmers". Choose Philippines. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  17. ↑ "Ensaladang Kangkong". Mely's Kitchen. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  18. ↑ "Ensaladang Kangkong". Overseas Pinoy Cooking. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  19. ↑ "Binagoongang Kangkong". Pinoy Hapagkainan. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  20. ↑ "Spicy Stir-Fry Kangkong with Bagoong". Pinoy Kitchenette. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  21. ↑ "Kangkong with Bagoong". Filipino Style Recipe. 28 April 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  22. ↑ "Kangkong with Bagoong Recipe". Panlasang Pinoy. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  23. ↑ "Crispy Kangkong Recipe (River Spinach) - Filipino Recipes Portal". Pinoyrecipe.net. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  24. ↑ "Crispy Spinach Recipe". Panlasang Pinoy. 9 June 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  25. ↑ chou, cindy (26 September 2020). "stir-fried morning glory 蒜炒空心菜". The Sound of Cooking. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
  26. ↑ Li, M., Wu, Y. J., Yu, Z. L., Sheng, G. P., & Yu, H. Q. (2007). Nitrogen removal from eutrophic water by floating-bed-grown water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) with ion implantation. Water research, 41(14), 3152-3158.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables. Udaipur: Agrotech Academy, 2011. Print.
  28. 1 2 Nagendra Prasad, K.; Shivamurthy, G.R.; Aradhya, S.M. (2008). "Ipomoea aquatica, An Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetable: A Review". International Journal of Botany. 1 (4): 127.
  29. ↑ Wiart, Christophe (2018). Medicinal plants in Asia for metabolic syndrome: natural products and molecular basis. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-315-17775-5.
  30. ↑ Anbu Jothi, B.; Geetha, B. (May 2017). "GC-MS and FT-IR analysis of bioactive compounds on methanol extract of Ipomoea aquatica". International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research. 2 (3): 15.
  31. 1 2 Pinker, I., U. Bubner, and M. Böhme. "Selection of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.)-genotypes for protected cultivation in temperate regions." I International Conference on Indigenous Vegetables and Legumes. Prospectus for Fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition 752. 2006.
  32. ↑ Chilton, Earl W. "Risk Assessment for Water Spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica) in Texas." Journal Of Aquatic Plant Management 55 (2017): 96-102. Web.
  33. ↑ Vainio-Mattila, Katariina. "Wild vegetables used by the Sambaa in the Usambara Mountains, NE Tanzania." Annales Botanici Fennici. Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 2000.
  34. 1 2 3 Edie, Harry, and H. Ho. "Ipomoea Aquatica as a Vegetable Crop in Hong Kong." Economic Botany 23.1 (1969): 32-36. Web.
  35. ↑ Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-8493-2332-4.
  36. ↑ "Federal Noxious Weed List". USDA. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  37. ↑ "Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. swamp morning-glory". plants.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  38. ↑ "Water Spinach". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  39. ↑ http://www.texasinvasives.org/plant_database/detail.php?symbol=IPAQ
  40. ↑ Langeland, K.A. & K.C. Burks. 1998. Editors of Identification & Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. University of Florida, Gainesville
  41. ↑ Gunasekera Lalith. Invasive Plants, A Guide to the Identification of the Most Invasive Plants in Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009.
Retrieved from "https://dga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hayoyo&oldid=59791"