Ewe kɔkɔre

natural language, modern language
Aŋa yitaalombile	Gbe, Kwa
Native label	Eʋegbe, Eʋe
Paaloŋ	Ghana, Togo
Indigenous to	Greater Accra Region, Eastern irigyin, Volta Region, Togo, Ghana
Coordinate location	6°28′0″N 0°49′0″E
Linguistic typology	subject–verb–object, subject–object–verb
Writing system	Latin script, Ewe Braille
Ethnologue language status	3 Wider Communication
Yitaa gbuli	Category:Ewe pronunciation
Ghana Place Names URL	https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/languages-locations/ewe
Wikimedia language code	ee

Ewe (endonym: Eʋe or Eʋegbe [ɛβɛɡ͡bɛ])^[1] bee Togolese kɔkɔre taa la noba naŋ yɛle o ka ba ta miliyɔɔmɔ anuu a West Africa, gbɛɛ yaga Ghana ane Togo.^[2] Eve poɔ la kɔkɔrɛɛ mine gyamaa naŋ yi taa ka ba boɔlɔ a Gbe kɔkɔre a e Fon, ba naŋ maŋ yɛle Benin poɔ. A ŋa a African kɔkɔreɛɛ, Eve e la kɔkɔ gaale kɔkɔre kyɛ la poɔ a Niger-Congo yideme poɔ.

A German Africanist Dietrich Hermann Westermann da maale la Eve yelbie gama gyamaa ane kɔkɔre begɛ gama ka a soŋ a Gbe kɔkɔrɛɛ mine. Kɔkɔre bageneba mine naŋ toŋ a Eve kɔkɔre toma ane kɔkɔre mine naŋ yi taa la; Gilbert Ansre (kɔkɔgaale ane kɔkɔre merɛ), Herbert Stahlke (yelbie tɔtaaloŋ ane kɔkɔre gasle), Nick Clements (kɔkɔgaale ane kɔkɔre merɛtone), Roberto Pazzi (kɔkɔre dakoroŋ ane yelbie ), Felix K. Ameka (kɔkɔre muni bee tɛgɛ, teɛroŋ kɔkɔre), Alan Stewart Duthie (kɔkɔre tɛgɛ, voonoo), Hounkpati B. Capo (voonebie, voonoo ), Enoch Aboh (yɛlɛ tutaaloŋ merɛ), ane Chris Collins (yɛlɛ tutaaloŋ merɛ).

Kɔkɔkpɛgelɛ

A kɔkɔkpɛgelɛ mine mine naŋ be a Ewe ('Vhe') kɔkɔre poɔ la; Aŋlɔ, Tɔŋu (Tɔŋgu), Avenor, Agave noba, Evedome, Awlan, Gbín, Pekí, Kpándo, Vhlin, Hó, Avɛ́no, Vo, Kpelen, Vɛ́, Danyi, Agu, Fodome, Wancé, Wací, Adángbe (Capo).

Kɔkɔre karekyuure Waci and Kpesi (Kpessi) yeli ka a seŋ ka a e kɔkɔrɛɛ a toɔraa. Ka a maale kɔkɔkpegelɛ naŋ yitaa ne a Ewe ane Gen (Mina), na wono taa yɛlɛ ka a ta 85%;^[3] a Ewe kɔkɔpegelɛ naŋ be Gbin, Ho, Kpelen, Kpesi, ane Vhlin na baŋ waa la kɔkɔkpegelɛ ata soba a Western Gbe kɔkɔkpegelɛ a yi a Ewe ane Gen, kyɛ Kpesi la peɛle a Waci ane Vo dialeWaci naŋ naŋ e a Ewe a mannoo ŋa poɔ. Waci be la Ewe meŋɛ ane Gen sogɔ. Kpesi poɔ la Gbed a Kabye ziiri mine

Ewe meŋɛ e la kɔkɔkpegelɛ naŋ peɛle a Gbe kɔkɔrɛɛ, a poɔ ne Gen, Aja, Kotafon, Mina ane Xwla kyɛ ka ba yɛluu a a Ghana sapare a Togo, Benin ane Western Nigeria. A Gbe kɔkɔrɛɛ zaa maŋ wono la taa yɛlɛ fēēfēē. A kompeere ziire mine ane a sapare Ewe mine la; Aŋlɔ, Tongu (Tɔŋu), Avenor, Dzodze, ane Watsyi. A kɔkɔkpeɛgelɛ mine naʋ poɔ a Ewedomegbe la: Ho, Kpedze, Hohoe, Peki, Kpando, Aveme, Liati, Fódome, Danyi, ane Kpele. Ane a zaa ka a pɔŋ eŋ tɛɛtɛɛloŋ poɔ,a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ bebe la a tenne poɔ naŋ ta male bonyeni no taa.

Voonoo

Duoro kɔre:Grace in Ewe (kɔkɔre).png

Duoro kɔre:Grace in Ewe (kɔkɔre).ogg Grace in Ewe (translation)

Sɛgebidaare

		Nɔgbɛmɛ	nɔgbɛne nyene	Nyemɛ	(Post-) alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labial- velar	Kɔkɔyuoraa
Puridaayi	bavoonoo	p		t̪			k	k͡p
Puridaayi	voonoo	m ~ b		d̪	n ~ ɖ		ŋ ~ ɡ	ɡ͡b
Fooroo	bavoonoo			t͡s
Fooroo	voonoo			d͡z
Fooroo	bavoonoo	ɸ	f	s			x
Fooroo	voonoo	β	v	z			ɣ ~ ɰ ~ w		ʁ ~ ʕ ~ ɦ
Approximant					l̺\|l ~ l̺̃\|l̃	ɲ ~ j	ɣ ~ ɰ ~ w
Trill					r̺\|r
Tap					ɾ̺\|ɾ ~ ɾ̺̃\|ɾ̃)

/H/ e voonoo naŋ fuurɔ, meŋ ba naŋ maŋ maane ka o wau la vauvular[ʁ], pharyngeal, [ʕ], bee glottal [ɦ].

/n/ e a kɔkɔyɔraa voonebiri [n̺], kyɛ meŋ na baŋ waa [n̪].

A nyɔeremɛ voonebidaare [m, n, ɲ, ŋ] e la a tɔɔraa bonso a are la a nyɔɛremɛ voonebidaare poɔ. Azuiŋ Ewe kɔkɔre ba tasoge ba taa nyɔɛremɛ voonebidaare. Kyɛ a soma la ka ka fo ŋmɛ nɔkpeɛne ka a nyɔɛremɛ voonebidaare /m, n, ɲ, ŋ/ be la a tɔɔraa azuiŋ a na baŋ poɔ a nyɔɛremɛ voobebinyagene poɔ.

[ɣ] oc wa la kyɛ ko nɔyɛraa puori voonebinyagene ane [w] meŋ naŋ maŋ wa kyɛ ko nɔpɔgeraa voonebinyagene.

Tamanyine voonebidaare /t͡s, d͡z, s, z/ naŋ maŋ wa niŋe duobo voonebinyagaa a /i/ a meŋ be a sapare kɔkɔkpegelɛ, ka go maŋ and ka a voono [t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, ʒ].^[4]

Ewe e la kɔkɔre kaŋa naŋ taa a [f] vs. [ɸ] ane [v] vs. [β]. A f ane v waa la kpeɛŋaa gaŋ a kɔkɔre gyamaa poɔ, [f͈] ane [v͈], ka sazu nɔgbɛmɛ maŋ yuo ka lɛ la vɛŋ ka a waa a tɔɔraa ne [ɸ] ane [β].^[5]

/l/ meŋ na baŋ be la voonebidaare tutaaloŋ poɔ. O maŋ leɛ waa la [ɾ] (bee [ɾ̃]) ka anaŋ wa tuuro voonebidaare.

Voonebinyagene

	niŋe	soga	puori
pɔge	i, ĩ		u, ũ
pɔge kyɛlee	e, ẽ	ə, ə̃	o, õ
yuo kyɛlee	ɛ, ɛ̃	ə, ə̃	ɔ, ɔ̃
yuo		a, ã

A nyu-ɛremɛ bommannaa ŋa (˜) maŋ wuli ka voonebinyagenaa e nyɛ-ɛremɛ ane a zaa ka Peki kɔkɔre ba taa a /õ/. Kyɛ a Ewe kɔkɔre gyamaa ba taa bonyeni bee nige soga voonebinyagene, a kɔkɔre mine a Ghana poɔ taa la a voonebinyagene ŋa /ə/ ane/ə̃/.

Ewe ba taa nɔɔre nyɔ ɛremɛ voonebidaare. Kyɛ a taa voonebidaare naŋ ɛrɛ nyɛ, ka a e tɛɛtɛɛ a ŋa [m n ŋ], kyɛ a paa maŋ yi la voonebidaa na naŋ bebe kyɛ taa kɔkɔtɛgu. Sɛgerebɛ mine maŋ de a la ka a e voonebinyagene ane ba dakoroŋ bammo na ka Ewe na baŋ taa nyɔɛremɛ ŋaŋ a nɔɔre voonebinyagene, kyɛ a voonebinyagene ama ba boɔlɔɔ zie.

If it is taken to be a consonant, there is the odd result of a single nasal consonant that cannot appear before vowels. If nasal consonants are taken to underlie [b ɖ ɡ], however, there is no such odd restriction, and the only difference from other consonants is that only nasal stops may be syllabic, a common pattern cross-linguistically.

Kɔkɔgaale

Ewe e la kɔkɔgasle kɔkɔre. Kɔkɔgaale kɔkɔre a duobo bee sigibo maŋ vɛŋ la ka fo baŋ a yelbiri tɛɛtɛɛ. Aseŋ a Ewe a yelbie ama waa la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi a kɔkɔgaale poɔ.

to ‘tɔɔri’ (duobo)

to ‘yelko/’(duobo)

to ‘tɔ’ (duobo)

tó 'taga' (duobo)

tǒ 'tɔɔre' (sigibo)

tò 'wɛbaa' (sigibo)

Sɛgebie

A African Reference sɛgebie maŋ bebe a Ewe kɔkɔre poɔ, azuiŋ a sɛgebo poɔ a maŋ lane la Latin sɛgebie ane a International Phonetic Alphabet .^[6]

A a	B b	D d	Ɖ ɖ	Dz dz	E e	Ɛ ɛ	F f	Ƒ ƒ	G g	Gb gb	Ɣ ɣ
/a/	/b/	/d/	/ɖ/	/d͡z/	/e/, /ə/	/ɛ/	/f/	/ɸ/	/ɡ/	/ɡ͡b/	/ɣ/
H h	I i	K k	Kp kp	L l	M m	N n	Ny ny	Ŋ ŋ	O o	Ɔ ɔ	P p
/h/	/i/	/k/	/k͡p/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/ɲ/	/ŋ/	/o/	/ɔ/	/p/
R r	S s	T t	Ts ts	U u	V v	Ʋ ʋ	W w	X x	Y y	Z z
/r/	/s/	/t/	/t͡s/	/u/	/v/	/β/	/w/	/x/	/j/	/z/

Sommo Yizie

↑ Warburton, Irene; Kpotufe, Prosper; Glover, Roland Kori; Schneeberg, Nan (1968). Ewe Basic Course (Revised ed.). Bloomington, Indiana: African Studies Program, Indiana University. p. 243.
↑ Ewe at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Waci at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Kpesi at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
↑ N'buéké Adovi Goeh-Akué, 2009. Les états-nations face à l'intégration régionale en Afrique de l'ouest
↑ Ameka, Felix K. (1991). Ewe: Its Grammatical Constructions and Illocutionary Devices. Australian National University: Sydney.
↑ Venda also has the distinction, but in that case, [ɸ] and [β] are slightly rounded, rather than [f] and [v] being raised. (Hardcastle & Laver, The handbook of phonetic sciences, 1999:595)
↑ Jim-Fugar, Kodzo Nusetor; Jim-Fugar, Nicholine (2017). Nuseline's Ewe-English Dictionary. Independently published. p. 5. ISBN 978-1521040188.

[1] Warburton, Irene; Kpotufe, Prosper; Glover, Roland Kori; Schneeberg, Nan (1968). Ewe Basic Course (Revised ed.). Bloomington, Indiana: African Studies Program, Indiana University. p. 243.

[2] Ewe at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Waci at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Kpesi at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)

[3] N'buéké Adovi Goeh-Akué, 2009. Les états-nations face à l'intégration régionale en Afrique de l'ouest

[4] Ameka, Felix K. (1991). Ewe: Its Grammatical Constructions and Illocutionary Devices. Australian National University: Sydney.

[5] Venda also has the distinction, but in that case, [ɸ] and [β] are slightly rounded, rather than [f] and [v] being raised. (Hardcastle & Laver, The handbook of phonetic sciences, 1999:595)

[6] Jim-Fugar, Kodzo Nusetor; Jim-Fugar, Nicholine (2017). Nuseline's Ewe-English Dictionary. Independently published. p. 5. ISBN 978-1521040188.

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