Chokwe people

Chokwe people

ethnic group

Ŋmene bee sagediibu	Kiristaaloŋ
Has works in the collection	Art Institute of Chicago
Paaloŋ	Angola, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo

A Chokwe noba, ka noba baŋ ba ne yoe (Kioko, Bajokwe, Chibokwe, Kibokwe, Ciokwe, Cokwe or Badjok), e la a Bantu noba naŋ be a Central ane a Southern African poɔ. Ba be a Angola, Southwern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa to Lualaba), ane a northwestern a  Zambia poɔ.

Yele mine ayi tɛɛtɛɛ la maŋ e a Chokwe paaloŋ : sẽɛ  naŋ maŋ piili a October kyuu ane a April kyuu, ane a ūūni saga naŋ piili a yuoni kyɛlee ma zaa naŋ kyɛre. A sagbaŋ yɛlɛ ŋa taa la tɔna ko a kuraa deme nyɔvore poɔ; a Chowe noba maŋ kɔ la, nankpããnoo, zonnyɔge, ane yi mɛ a seŋ lɛ a zie naŋ leɛrɛ.

A Chokwe noba taa la gɔɔloŋ toma tɛɛtɛɛ ka a mine be a mueums a naasaale paaloŋ.

Yagroŋ ane kɔkɔre

Ba mannoo e la 1.3 million, ba kɔkɔre e la Chokwe  ( bee Kichokwe, Tshokwe ) a Bantu kɔkɔre a Benue-Congo naŋ poɔ a Niger-Congo yideme kɔkɔre poɔ.

A yelebe yaga zie yɛle a teŋɛ kɔkɔre na a teŋɛ gɔbenneti naŋ maŋ tona ne toma : English a Zambia, French in Democratic Republic of Congo, ane Portuguese ( ka o e ba kɔkɔdeŋ  bee kɔkɔre ayi soba as) Angola poɔ.

A Chokwe taa la laŋkpeɛrebɛ yaga  ka ba mine la Lunda, Pende, Mbangani, ane Kete a North; Minungu, Lwena, Luchazi, Mbwela, ane  Mbundato a East; Holo, Mbundu, Imbangala, Songo, ane Ovimbundu a West; ane a Kwanyama a South. A noba bama zaa taa la ba yipɔge ka o te kyaare ne a Chokwe a de ne ba naŋ taa saakonnoo yeni ane kɔkɔre naŋ yitaa.

Nyɔvore : Chokwe noba yaare la a  Angola, Congo ane Zambia (approx); Right: Angola noba laŋgboli magere na wuli lɛ.

A Chokwe da e la a yiiloŋ pie ne ayi ka ba na la  Lunda Empire 17th- and 18th-dakoroŋ na Angola. Saga na ba fa poɔ la a Lunda noba poɔ , a yiiloŋ ŋmaa yi la a Lunda Oligarchy a yi zɔɔre yaga naŋ kpɛ ba poɔ, laŋ ne ba naŋ maŋ zaare ka ba kɔ naa naŋ ziŋ a kɔŋɔ zu gyirimɛ. Ba da di ne ba bondaa kɔ ba la bondaanoo laŋ ne ba laŋ mɔɔroŋ deme. A naŋ da wa te tara 19000, a Chokwe da zɔɔ faa la Lunda naaloŋ( ka ba boɔlɔ Mwata Yanvo) a zaa lantaa. A ŋaa, Chokwe kɔkɔre ane ba polɛtiri da piilee la yaara a northern Angola ane a yiiloŋ pie ne yine naŋ da poɔ a Lunda naaloŋ poɔ. A zɔɔre naŋ yaara a naasaale peɛle wagere na a 19 th and 20 th dakoroŋ na, ka ba a European naŋ be a west Swahili -Arabs te ta a east, A Chokwe laŋ la ba zɔɔzɔɔrebo ka ba yaare te ta a  Angola, Congo, ane a West Zambia paaloŋ zaa.

A  Portuguese da taa lɛ zaa ba naŋ na e a pɔge a Chokwe kyɛ kaara a a te ta a yuoni 1830s poɔ, a Chokwe naŋ wa piili kɔɔrɔ sigama, ɔrɔba ane ivory. Feefee,a Portuguese vɛŋ ka Chokwe yɛlɛ da la maaleŋ yaara a northern Angola, Congo ane Zambia irigyin poɔ. A noba naŋ da wulu ba teɛroŋ kyaare ne a kyilluu ŋa ka ba boɔlɔ status quo, noba a Chokwe poɔ da vɛŋɛɛ la ka a leɛ zɔɔre a 1961 yuoni na poɔ, zɔɔ kpoŋ da le la a Angola poɔ naŋ da baare a 1875 yuoni poɔ a wagere na a Portuguese naŋ da bare a teŋɛ. Ane a zaa ka a ba na ne a Portuguese zɔɔre da baarɛɛ la kyɛ a Angola noba da naŋ zɔɔrɔ la ne ba mine ne naaloŋ yɛlɛ. A zɔɔre ŋa da wa baarɛɛ la wagere na ba zaa naŋ da sage emmaaroŋ kyɛ a ŋaa da ba baarɛɛ zɔɔre daadaa lɛ.

Chokwe, Lunda, Lwena/Luvale, Luchazi, Ovimbundu, ane Mbunda namine laŋ la saakomine naŋ na baŋ leɛ tuuli gaa a Lunda noba naŋ ziŋ a 16th dakoroŋ na.

Gbaŋgbaaloŋ

A  18th ne 19th dakoroŋ na,  Chokwe nyɛ la ba mine ka ba poŋ eŋ ba naŋ na  a naasaaleba naŋ wa nyɔge ka ba e gbaŋgbaare ane ba naŋ na naŋ da ba minne a vɛŋ ka ba leɛ gbaŋgbaare a be teŋɛ ane naasaale teŋɛ zaa. A Lunda nobles a Angola da de la a Chokwe zɔɔzɔɔrebo  ka ba maŋ zɔɔre ne a naasaaleba na naŋ naŋ waana. A Chokwe noba naŋ taa zɔɔzɔɔ boma ba da zɔɔ tuo la a Lunda nobles  kyɛ vɛŋ ka a saama ŋa leɛ gbaŋgbaare a baŋ teŋɛ poɔ a 19th dakoroŋ kyɛlɛɛ na poɔ ane a 20th dakoroŋ piiluu poɔ. A gbaŋgbaare naŋ yi a ziire mine a Africa poɔ da nyɛ la pugebo a yi a Chokwe noba zie. A Zambezi baa saazu ane a Kasai kaŋ a zaa ba naŋ da  e a Portuguese bee a Belgian gbaŋgbaare naŋ yi a West ane a Arab-Swahili  naŋ yi a east ( ka mine la Tippu Tip meŋ ba naŋ boɔlɔ  Hamad bin Muhammad el Murjebi[10]); a naŋ wa ta soga a Chokwe noba  meŋ da leɛ poɔ la zɔɔre poɔ a nyɔgerɔ gbaŋgbaare a derɛ ne libie  ane ba naŋ maŋ nyɔge gbagbaare naŋ e pɔgeba a maŋ biŋ ba ba yiri poɔ a yi ba na maŋ nyɛ libie yi ba nuuri bonwuore zie. A lɛ a libie ba naŋ nyɛrɛ yirɛ a gbaŋgbaare kɔɔre zie ane lɛ a naasaalba meŋ naŋ boɔrɔ a noba seŋ lɛ ka ba da nyɔgerɔ gbaŋgbaare yaga bee ba da maŋ tu la a Chokwe noba zie kyɛ nyɔge noba. Ba da maŋ vɛŋ la ka gbaŋgbaare na naŋ e doba ka ba tu a west zie ma ba na ne a Portuguese naŋ yele biŋ ka ba pɔge taa kyɛ ka ba maŋ taa a pɔgeba eŋ. A ŋaa ka yeli ŋa e lɛɛɛɛ ka ba wa te yele ka ba ta la nyɔge neɛzaa ka o e gbaŋgbaa a Europe ane a United States poɔ, aŋa tontomba naŋ da ba nyɛrɛ a South America poɔ ka Caribbean naŋ erɛ gɛrɛ; Swahili-Arabs, Omani, ane ziire na zaa ba naŋ daara gbaŋgbaa, ka ba naŋ da maŋ kɔrɔ a gbaŋgbaare bondirii. A European naŋ da gaa a Chokwe kuraa a 20th dakoroŋ na da yeli ka a pɔgeba yaga zie naŋ be a be waa gbaŋgbaare  naŋ kuli sɛrebɛ dɔɔle pɔgeba zu ka ana la da vɛŋ ka ba noba yaaroŋ waa a yaga. A irigyin mine poɔ a Chokwe noba da maŋ Arab-Swahili noba e fee ka ba puuro ba namine.

Laŋkpeɛbo ane yipɔge

A Chokwe noba ba saga zaa ba baŋ ne ba la gɔɔloŋ toma, ka a mine la pɛbilee wuobo, boma meɛbo, dakɔgerɔ maaloo ane nuuri toma mine. A gɔɔloŋ toma naŋ taa tɔna, kyɛ gbɛɛyaga a maŋ be a Chokwe yeltuuri,  yelkaama, ane siiloŋ sagediibu. Aseŋ, ba saadayel Chiblinda Iiunga mannoo naŋ kuli a Lunda pɔge a de kpeɛmo. A Cikungu gɔɔloŋ yɛlɛ waaloŋ naŋ taa kpeɛmo ko a Chokwe's saakonnoo  kyɛ ka Mwama po wulu teŋɛ naŋ taa kuuluŋ seŋ lɛ ane lɛ a naŋ.maala boma. A Ngombo figurines ba yipɔge poɔ da poɔ la siiloŋ naŋ da maŋ vɛŋ ka ba toɔ yeli baaloŋ kaŋa yizie, yelwonnaa kaŋa, ba dɔgebo  ane yelwonni naŋ maŋ pɔŋ yideme bee a kuraa deme.

A naaloŋ diibu yɛlɛ 18th -19th dakoroŋ poɔ leɛ sigire ayi baaloŋ kaŋa maŋ da nyɔge noba yaga central Angola.

A namine ne a kuraa deme zaa da be a Chokwe yipɔge poɔ.

Ŋmene puuri yɛlɛ

A saakomŋmene puuri yɛlɛ yi la ba siiri puuru. Laŋgboli poɔ be la ka namine maŋ be ba maŋ sage ka ba ma la maŋ areko Kalunga bee Nzambi ŋmemɛ, azuiŋ ba buuro o la ,a boɔlɔ ka Mwanangana bee neɛ naŋ nyɛrɛ bonzaa a teŋɛ poɔ. Ba maŋ tasoga nyɛɛ la ka a taa la siiloŋ kaŋa be a yelbie naŋ be a gɔɔloŋ toma ane ba saakonnoo  ane a  Kalunga bee Nzambi ŋmemɛ. A naasaalba naaloŋ diibu wagere na, Chokwe leɛ e kiristabiiri. Ba taa la aseŋ, naŋ tuuru la ba saakonnoo a yi wagere na ba naŋ da ba e kiristabiiri,  ba naŋ taa la ba yipɔge yeltuuri  gaŋ a zaa lɛ na ba naŋ maŋ wuli ka neɛ yi la biiri poɔ kpeɛrɛ nembɛrɛ poɔ pɔgeba ne dɔba za

The Chokwe build ancestral shrines where they place sculptures, objects, and artifacts. These objects that are placed within the ancestral shrines are meant to contain or represent the spirits as well as serve as a point of contact between the living and the spiritual forces. These shrines, called kachipango, the Chokwe will invoke, or call, their ancestral spirits.[2]: 31 

Yipɔge gyamaa poɔ

A Chokwe waaloŋ, Chokwe eŋɛ, zeɛ salema,ane a Chokwe noba la leɛ a  Donna Leon's 14th Commissario Guido Brunetti mystery selloŋ woŋi. Sẽɛ naŋ yi kusirii (2005).  

Chokwe Lumumba,naŋ da e r Republic of New Afrika wɛdere naŋ wa leɛ nenkpoŋ a  Jackson, Mississippi a 2013 yuoni poɔ da nyɛ la a o yuori dendeŋ a yi a Chokwe noba zie.  O bidɔɔ, Chokwe Antar Lumumba, ba da iri o la ka o e nenkpoŋ a Jackson a yuoni 2027 poɔ

Meŋ la nyɛ

Chikunga