Berlin Conference

A Berlin Conference ang da piili 1884 a te to 1885 da waa la lambu a ku colonial powers ang da baari bing telimaana a General Act of Berlin, nuori‘yeni lambu a ku Eropean colonisation aning trade ang be Afirika a kyaari ne paalijaani ‘suobu fanga taribu wogiri. paaluu pie aning anaahi a da lantaa e ana lambu na. Otto von Bismarck, ang da e chancellor fara a ku Germany, a da la buura ka o e Leopold II a ku Belgium a da sung ka ana lambu na e. A Nansaari chiuri pie aning yeni daana a beri pie aning anu daar a yuoni 1884 puo a yi yenge a nansaari chiuri ayi daana a beri lijeri aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885 puo. A daari LA bang da bing telimaana ba ang Buona General Act.A General Act of Berlin yinii lesirihung vu a ku Afirik. Nuba mine da taa la a General Act of Berlin na a dugiha ne taa. Bela da vein la ka nuba mine da dori gbang banginiba mine ka ba ta dogihila taa a te kyaari ne ba lambu nouri yen digibu yala ne. A 2024 yuoni ne puo la bang ban ka paaluuhi ang be

Congo yun la bang da di ing Afirika paaluu ning u to bogu ing’jie.Wm. Roger Louis da ngmi fasani nye ka a Berlin Act waa la faa a ku Afirika. A lambu da wuli ye ka Afirika paaluu ba babulajaujaubuunhu.Daari na la bang waane babulajaujaubuunhu a Afirika puo. Ana wogiri ne a babu la jaujaubuunhu da waa buhu Ang na bang saan Afirika zaa. Ethiopia tuong nye jaujaubuunhu paani a yi Imperial Russia, ana jaujaubuunhu na da sung ka Ethiopia nye independence. A jaujaubuunhu da begu Russian Revolution of 1917 . Wogiri ne European tuma yeli ang da baara ne la ka nuba da bura Afirika mine bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu yagazaa. A kahaa tuntunbuunhu mine la rubber, minerals, ivory, aning cotton. Afirikan daahi zemaa zaa da vein la ka European paaluuhi a koɔre ba bung maalihi ba daa pɔo. A Berlin lambu da wuli ye ka ba nu so paaluuhi ne zaa ang tari bung kahaa tuntunbuunhu ka lɛ da vein ka zauri waana. paaluumaalu yela ang be Britain aning France ‘duohi la ba ‘nimbi-jie ka ba tari tamaa a ko Congo Basin. Europe taa la kahaa tuntunbuunhu libi-chelee ang da sung ba nye daa yi paalijaala; saang’tenge. aŋa da vein ka Afirikan da die European daa.

Paaluuhi ayo’poin a yi paaluuhi pie aning anaari pɔo aŋ da ahi ko – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Empire,aning United States – da wa ba yiri Afirika ka ba ba tari yile nɔgilaa zaa.

Munpiilee

Seni ne ba lambu ne aŋ da piine ne, European paaluu gbebogi-aha da nye Afirickan paalikaara aning French ‘yi-dieriba da die la Lagos aning Western Hemisphere, ka ba lantaa dieri daa. A yuoni 1800s, European da buo woo nyinii, ba aŋ da maŋ di maana bundaang’digaalii buunhu. A yela da sung la European bungkuora a gaane Afirika daa. European bung ‘gbulong ‘gbulong da taa la fanga aŋ da leuhi coastal Africa deme haakila ka ba ne Europeans da lantaa diiri daa.

A yuoni 1876, King Leopold II aŋ be Belgium, aŋ da e yi-daangdau aning kpiengu daana a ko International African Association da buong la invited Henry Morton Stanley ka o wa sung o e la piehibu aning tuma u paaluu pɔo. 1878 yuoni ne pɔo la ka International Congo Society miŋe da wa. Leopold da waane saaba aŋ da e yaagu iriba a Congo paaluu pɔo gondo. Aŋa yile ŋa da waane imperialistic diibu, a "Afirickan paaluu pɔo.

A piili 1878 a te to 1885, Stanley da leo wa Congo a wa e Leopold's agent. O da taa la gondo ka o waane Congo Free wogiri ne Berlin lambu ne aŋ da baahi a Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana a yuoni August 1885 pɔo. French agents piehi bang Leopold' spilan, ka be la da vein ka France da gaane ba miŋa bambu Afirika pɔo. A 1881 yuoni ne la ka French naval tuntuna yuori aŋ la Pierre de Brazza da gaa central Afiricka, aning western Congo basin, a te dohi French flag kye bahi Brazzaville panpana ŋa Republic of Congo. panpana Portugal.

A 1880s yuoni ne, yelitaruu yaga zaa aŋ jagi paalihi lamugiye yelae da baahiye laangfie. Aŋa da sung ka European nye bambu a ko salima,taabuuhi, aning rubber, daa da dolo. Aŋa da vein ka European deme da wa be a Afirika paaluu pɔo. Stanley's da ihi Congo River Basin (1874–1877) a yi European teng-gbangu ‘bigihee gbangu pɔo ka o baŋ tuoŋ nye kpiengu British, Portuguese, French aning Belgian seŋ.

France da die la Tunisia, ang da be Barbary paaluu. French da jau ne Pierre de Brazza panpana ŋa yuori aŋ la Republic of the Congo a 1881 aning Guinea 1884. Italy da wa paahi Triple Alliance, yelinanii kaŋa aŋ da vein ka Bismarck's da juo ne Germany aning European aŋ be Afiricka.

A 1882, ba da leu bang ye ka geopolitical aŋ be Portuguese la da kaara France a te to Central Afirika, Ethiopia, the Nile, aning Suez Canal. Britain da nye sori sung kaŋa aŋ da be Egypt a ga la India. Egyptian ‘libie da baahi yen ka be la da vein ka British koohi da kpi.

Lambu

European saamba paali‘soruu da vein la ka Germany piili e nyagihuu yelikanga iibu ka be la da to dabie ing British aning French. Belgian naa Leopold II veng ka France aning Germany sagi ka Afirika daa diibu suma gaa a paaluu jaane ata ne zaa. Portugal, Otto von Bismarck, aŋ da e Chancellor a ko Germany da bung la a teenhi pie naa ata ne jaa aŋ be Europe paaluu aning United States ka ba wa paahi a Berlin lambu ne pɔo a 1884 ka ba nogi yeliyeni a ko Afirikan paaluuhi. A lambu da piili Nansaari ‘chiuri ‘pie aning daana o beri pie aning anu daari a yuoni 1884 a da baahi Nansaari ‘chiuri ayi daana o beri lizari aning ayuobi daari a yuoni 1885. Paaluu pie aning anaahi la da wa a Berlin lambu. Aŋa paaluu pie aning anaahi ŋa da waane Berlin Act:

State	Colonial empire	Plenipotentiaries
Germany	German colonial empire	Otto von Bismarck Paul von Hatzfeldt Clemens Busch Heinrich von Kusserow [de]
Austria-Hungary	Austrian colonial empire	Imre Széchényi von Sárvár-Felsővidék
International Congo Society	International Congo Society	Gabriel August van der Straten-Ponthoz [de] Auguste, Baron Lambermont
Spain	Spanish colonial empire	Francisco Merry y Colom, 1st Count of Benomar
Denmark	Danish colonial empire	Emil Vind [da]
United States	American colonial empire	John A. Kasson Henry S. Sanford Henry Morton Stanley (as Technical Adviser)
France	French colonial empire	Alphonse de Courcel
United Kingdom	British colonial empire	Edward Baldwin Malet
Italy	Italian colonial empire	Edoardo de Launay [it]
Netherlands	Dutch colonial empire	Philip van der Hoeven
Portugal	Portuguese colonial empire	Antônio José da Serra Gomes [pt] António de Serpa Pimentel
Russia	Russian colonialism	Pyotr Kapnist
Sweden–Norway	Swedish colonial empire	Gillis Bildt
Ottoman Empire	Ottoman Empire	Mehmed Said Pasha

Uniquely, the United States reserved the right to decline or to accept the conclusions of the conference.

Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu

Ti jaa yelibuoruu begu la ama

• paati a te nye jemaa sagibu, A lambu da jeri nyogi yemehi ang be Afirika aning slaamaye fanga. Ana la, paalihi langtaa yela jaahibu a ku yemehi daa diibu.spheres European nuba la da seu ana yela ŋa. Joseph Conrad da bu la nuba ne mine aŋ da wa a lambu yi International Association of the Congo (kye bee "International Congo Society"), a ku International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs" ka novella Heart of Darkness.
• A suobu aŋ kpe Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Society. On 1 Nansaari ‘chiuri a’nii daana 1885, a few months after the closure of the Berlin Conference, Leopold's Vice-Administrator General in the Congo, Francis de Winton, announced that the territory was henceforth called "the Congo Free State", a name that in fact was not in use at the time of the conference and does not appear in the General Act. The Belgian official Law Gazette later stated that from that same 1 August 1885 onwards, Leopold II was to be considered Sovereign of the new state, again an issue never discussed, let alone decided, at the Berlin Conference.
• The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin as well as Lake Malawi and east of it in an area south of 5° N.