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African cuisine

Yizie Wikipiideɛ
African cuisine
regional cuisine
Aŋa yitaalombileglobal cuisine Maale eŋ
Cultureculture of Africa Maale eŋ
ContinentAfrica Maale eŋ
Indigenous toAfrica Maale eŋ
Has listlist of African cuisines Maale eŋ

African bondi-maale parɛɛ bee tɛɛtɛɛ, e la bone naŋ poɔ a tendaa yelerre poɔ ane ba saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ, ka ba leɛ teɛre lɛ a dakoreŋ bee saaŋkompare yɛlɛ naŋ da kpɛ keɛŋaa na. A leɛroo ŋa a Afrikan bondirii maaloo tɛɛtɛɛ bee bondi- maale parɛɛ e la bona naŋ taa danseɛ kaŋ a kyaare be a paaloŋ noba naŋ maŋ yi, ane ba yelerre, ba puoruu, ane ba saakompare yeltuuri bee ba saadayel yipɔge, bee ane ba saakompare koɔbo bonkoɔre ane ba wagere na ba naŋ kɔ piili ba koɔbo ane wagere na ba naŋ maŋ de ba bonkoɔre.[1] A Afrikan piilu poɔ, a paaloŋ gyamaa poɔ bee poore, nankpaanoo lada e ba toma banaŋ maŋ tona, donne fare yoŋ la ka ba da maŋ gbem a koorɔ ane tewɔmɔ  ane zɛvaɛ, bombie ane donne kobo la e ba bondiri banaŋ da maŋ dire.[2] Kɔreba  naŋ ŋmaa viiri a tendaa zaa, a wa zeŋ a Afrika poɔ la wa ne a ziyuo yɛlɛ a wa soŋ ka ba erɛ feenfeeŋ lɛɛ ka Afrika paaloŋ deme meŋ te sare kpɛ a bombie koɔbo poɔ aseŋ, kyi koɔbo, kamaana koɔbo, ane sorghum. A kɔreba bama la wa ne a tɛgebo ŋa naŋ be a ba bondirii, a ŋaa la soŋ ka a Afrika paaloŋ meŋ taa saaŋkompar bonditɛɛtɛɛ, a bondirii ama paaŋ maŋ yi la be a paaloŋ noba naŋ yi bee a irigiŋ na poɔ na poa banaŋ be. African paaloŋ gyamaa saaŋkompare bondirii yi bombie ane teere eŋɛ bee zie.[3]

A irigiŋ kaŋa zaa naŋ be a African paaloŋ poɔ, taa la ba teŋyuo yɛlɛ ka a be a yoŋ, aneŋ ka a ba saaŋkompare bondimaale boma la maŋ e yeni, a yi a saŋa na a nempeɛle naŋ da di naaloŋ ba zu. A West Africa poɔ, aseŋ bondirii ama taaba aŋa mui, kyi, ane bɛŋɛ e la boma banaŋ maŋ de maale ne zeɛre mine nansaala na maŋ boɔle ka stew ne zoma, nɛne, zɛva-maara. Ba maŋ de la sɛmaane, seŋkaa ane kube kaaŋ meŋ e la boŋkaŋa naŋ pore irigiŋ paaloŋ na poɔ. Central African paaloŋ poɔ, bondimaale boma ane a taaba mine aseŋ bondirii mine naŋ maŋ taa sunni aseŋ baŋkyɛ ane boɔdeɛ, anaŋ sauces ane seŋkaa bee zɛvaare.[4] East Africa paaloŋ poɔ, paaloŋ gyamaa te seŋ, Kenya Tanzania, ane Uganda, a paaloŋ ama bondirii ane ba bondimaale boma leɛ teɛre la noba lɛ ba naŋ maŋ de boma lantaa a maale ne bondirii a yi ba bonkoɔre  bee a yi bondirii ana banaŋ maŋ da yi a India ane a Middle east paaloŋ poɔ.[5] A bondirii ama aseŋ,  kamaana, bɛŋɛ, ane mui e la bondirii naŋ pore ka noba maŋ dire a wagere zaa, aseŋ Ugali ( kamaana kookoo bee buuluŋ) ane Sukuma wiki ( bondirii mine ba na maŋ maale yi ne collard maara poɔ). A coastal area naŋ be a East Afrika poɔ, a zuo a zaa a Swahili coast  paaloŋ poɔ, banaŋ baa bee mane poɔ bondirii a ka ba maŋ dire ane aseŋ  cardamom ane cloves, a boma ama diibu yi la a Indian paaloŋ poɔ ane a Arab bonkoɔreba zie.[6][7]  South African bondirii ane a parɛɛ yi la a nempeɛle banaŋ naŋ da wa di naaloŋ ba zu la so ka dirie a bondirii ama taaba.[8][9]

Bondirii aseŋ pap, a (a kamaana buuluŋ) ane bittong  ( a pare sausage) la bone naq pore pale a aseŋ a Africa, Botswana, ane a Namibia. A bondirii maaloo ama ziiri a yelsoore mine la njmj, kamaana, ane bɛŋɛ anaŋ la bone naŋ pore European a tage noba a wuli ba a saŋa na a nempeɛle naŋ da di naaloŋ a Afrika paaloŋ poɔ. A saaŋkompare yipɔge bondirii wuli la a bondimaale a Afrika poɔ maŋ de bombie ane bombuli a lantaa, ka a ba yi boma banŋ de yi ne paaloŋ kaŋa wane. Ziiri mine poɔ, a saaŋkompare ipɔge bondirii yelsoore mine la boma naŋ maŋ nyɛ kpɛ teŋɛ.

Afrika are leɛre la ko saadayel yɛlɛ banaŋ de, bonkoɔre, ane a ba paaloŋ ŋmene barebo bom mine. Kyɛ ka a irigiŋ paaloŋ poɔ meŋ manne ka a te e a toɔraa, a yipɔge o boma maŋ naŋ de maala ne a saaŋkompare boma bondirii naŋ waa la a waabo lɛ bana yi pɔge. Central Africa, East Africa, North Afrca, Southern Africa ane western Africa, a ama zaa poɔ, a bondirii taa tɛgebo kaŋa bale, a yi be a maalo ane a diibu meŋ ba la e yeni.[10]

Saadayel bee Yipɔge

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

A Africa bondimaale piilu zie ka neɛ na la leɛ beɛre gaa puori na baŋ e la a ŋa yuomo tuturi neɛ naŋ koŋ baŋ sɔre,a Broze Age naŋ be a Northeast Africa paaloŋ poɔ, a saŋa zɔɔre dɛndɛnŋ soba naŋ da iri bee a piili la ka ba da piili koɔrɔ bombie aseŋ, barley ane wheat[11] ( naara). A North Africa lambiri kaŋa poɔ la ka a Fertile Crescent a be la kocbo yeltarre be a zuo zaa a Anɔient Egyptians naŋ be. Donne aseŋ bonni ane peere da la a ba yiri poɔ donne, ana la ka ba da piili guolo ka a te yɛle paaaale a Africa ane a West Africa paaloŋ zaa poɔ. Ane a zaa ka bale mine bee a afrika paaloŋ mine poɔ, banaŋ naŋ voorɔ la ba saaŋkompare nyɔvore ka nankpaanoo la e bone naŋ maŋ ko ba bondirii ka ba di, aseŋ donne bee nɛmɛ la e ba bondirii.[12]

Arab paaloŋ poɔ, Leo Africanus ane Ibn Battuta la ko a Africa bondirii a tonton  yuori ŋa, ba da nyɛ la ba so-tuubo  a sub-saharan Africa paaloŋ poɔ. A European sori tuubu gyamaa zie peɛle la a coastal paaloŋ a 19th  century yuoma na poɔ.A yelsɛge binne gymaa a kyaare a ba bondirii ane a bonkoɔre. Bondirii ana banaŋ dirii gyamaa e la boma ba naŋ da de wuli a Afrika noba kyɛ anaŋ paaŋ da e la puoriŋ yɛlɛ a Europeans noba naŋ da wuli ba. Bondirii anaŋ banaŋ maŋ de yi ne a tuure paaloŋ a wa ne a la paaŋ e a Afrika bondimaale aseŋ kamaana, daŋgeli, a bondirii ama eŋ da ba e bone naŋ pore a wagere na poɔ, kyɛ go ka a wa te ta a 19 century yuomo na poɔ a nansaala na maŋ yeli.[13]

African bondirii yi la a Caribbean, Brazilian, American Lowcoutry cuisine ane Cajun cuisine naŋ yi a Louisiana paaloŋ ka noba nyɛ ka a be mui bondirii ane zvaare zeɛre zu aseŋ a Afro-Caribbean efo, duckanoo ane callaloo. A saaloŋ zɛvaare, a Afrika paaloŋ noba la de wuli a Louisiana gumbos, ane American mui banaŋ koɔrɔ a Carolina paaloq poɔ. Lowcountry da e la bone a West Afrika paaloŋ noba naŋ de ba gɔɔloŋ a wuli ne lɛ banaŋ maŋ kɔ mui ane lɛ mui naŋ na e baa a West Afrikan paaloŋ poɔ. Lowcountry bondirii maaloo naŋ e bone banaŋ baŋ anaŋ waana a ŋaa bee zenɛ ka ba boɔlɔ mui bondirii.[14]

Central Africa

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Central Africa tage yuo la bee tage gaa la a yi Tibesti Mountains naŋ be a north a te ta a vast rainforet basin naŋ be a Congo River paaloŋ poɔ, Kivu ane a Savannah naŋ be Katanga sazu seŋ lamboriŋ.

A irigiŋ de la a bondirii ane a maaloo a yi a Swahili paaloŋ poɔ ( a ba saakom yipɔge zaa lantaa, aseŋ Bantu, Yemni, Omani, ane Indian yipɔge) a tras- Saharan gbaŋgbaa wagere na poɔ la lɛ. Swahili bondirii maaloo la ka ba de a seŋ a bondirii ama taaba, mandazi, pilaf mui, kachumbari, sambusa, ane kuku paka.[15]

Central Africa bondirii mine meq yi la a Portugueses paaloq poɔ, Kongo ane a Ndongo Kingdom la wane a bondirii ama. A zome nyɛnnoo banaŋ de wuli noba a 17th century yuomo poɔ a nansaala naŋ maŋ yeli, a Kikongo pare la salt fish (zome nyɛnnoo), makayabu, ama zaa yi la Portuguese paaloŋ ba naŋ maŋ boɔle a ka bacalhau.[16]

A Portugueses bodirii maaloo ama la ka a Angola, Sao Tome ane Equatorial Guinea paaloŋ noba meŋ de. Central Africa[17] toŋ la toŋkpeɛŋaa a bondirii ama maaloo poɔ a  zuo a zaa anaŋŋ banaŋ de yi a East, West ane a Southern Afrika irigiŋ zaa poɔ kyɛ ka a zaa yi banaŋ peɛle taa zuiŋ; aseŋ,[18] babute, bee bobotie ne a south nyama choma la eŋ turibogi ne a east ane sauce gombo ane a West Africa paaloŋ.

Central Africa paaloŋ poɔ, bonkoɔre tɛɛtɛɛ gyamaa bebe banaŋ koɔrɔ, ka a mine la, waare, baŋkye, boɔdeɛ kudu, daŋgeli, ane maŋkeni. A bonnkoɔre ama la e bondirii banaŋ dire bebri zaa kyɛ naŋ e bondirii noba gymaa naŋ dire a Central Africa paaloŋ poɔ. Fufu a nansala na maŋ boɔle kyɛ Central Africa a zuo a Ghana ba maŋ boɔle ka satoɔraa o e la bondirii ba naŋ maŋ de baŋkye nyegɛ a maale ne, ziiri mine bee noba mine meŋ gba maŋ de la boɔdea a eŋ puli ne a tɔ ne a sao a bondirii ama e bondirii naŋ maŋ taa sooni, kamaana ane waare. Satoɔraa taa la o diibu o toɔraa lɛ, zoma, nɛne, ane zɛkoɔ la ka ba maŋ de di ne a bondirii ama. Yipɔge boma gyamaa bebe ba maŋ de maale ne a bondirii ama kyɛ gyamaa a seŋkaa zeɛre la ka ba maŋ de a di neŋ a satoɔraa ŋa, aseŋ, spinach banŋ doge, ane toose, sɛmaane,zama, seŋkaa ane chilies. A Eastern Central Africa paaloŋ e la a paaloŋ kaŋa naŋ be a Africa poɔ a maŋ de a daŋgeli ka a bonkoɔre kaŋa naŋ wuli ka o e la ba bonserɛ zaa bonso onaŋ maŋ baara wieuŋ wieuŋ a ba irigiŋ na poɔ.

Baŋkye teɛ meŋ e la a bondiraa kaŋa banaŋ maŋ toɔ di a va-maara meŋ. Seŋkaa zeɛre meŋ e la bonkaŋa banaŋ maŋ de noɔ nɛne, saaloŋ, kakaduro ane a taaba mine lantaa doge a zeɛre ama. Nanɛne, ane nɔnɛne, zaa e la boma noba naŋ nɔŋ ka ba de maala ne bondirii, kyɛ wɛ moɔ nɛne banaŋ ŋmɛ ne malefa bee a eŋ bɛraa a nyɔge aseŋ, ebaa, wɔɔ, walaa ane wɛduo nɛmɛ meŋ e la a nɛmɛ mine banaŋ maŋ de maala ne bondirii.[19][20][21][22][23]

Tenne

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Angolan bondirii maaloo

Cameroonian bondirii maaloo

Central African Republic bondirii maaloo

Chadian  bondirii maaloo

Congolese bondirii maaloo

Equatorial Guinea bondirii maaloo

Gabonese bondirii maaloo

Sao Tome and Principe bondirii maaloo

East Africa

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

A East Africa bondirii maaloo ziiri taaa la tɛɛtɛɛ. a Inland savannah paaloŋ poɔ, a ba saakompare bee yipɔge bondirii maaaloo waa naakyeemɛ bee noba naŋ guolo nii tɛgɛ la nɛne ba maŋ kye ba bondirii poɔ. Nii, peere, dobare ane boore ana la ka noba da guolo ka a meŋ yire libie[24] ane bondirii. A ba e boma banaŋ maŋ guolo ka ba di.[25]

A East African ziiri mine poɔ, ba saakompare yipɔge bondirii banaŋ dire la nii boroŋ ane a nii zeeŋ, kyɛ a nɛne meŋa a maŋ e la kpeɛŋaa fo naŋ nyɛ ka ɔɔ bee a di a nɛne. Kyɛ ziiri mine a Africa paaloŋ poɔ, kɔreba banaŋ naŋ koɔrɔ zɛvaɛ parɛɛ parɛɛ ane kamaana la a ugali paaaloŋ deme, banaŋ la e a  West ane a Central Africa yipɔge satoɔraa (fufu). Ugali maŋ taa la suni ba maŋ de o la di ne nɛne be zeɛre. a Uganda paaloŋ poɔ, boɔde seɛre la ka ba boɔlɔ matoke a maŋ ko la bondirii gyamaa zie suni.

Yuomo kɔɔ pie (1000) naŋ pare poɔ,Omani ane Yemeni la noba naŋ da zeŋe a Swahili Coast paaloq poc. A Middle Eastern la bɛle bee a tage a Swahili bondirii ane a maaloo  a wane a coast paaloŋ bee lambogiriŋ a wa wuli lɛ banaŋ maŋ kyeeŋ bondirii aseŋ mui a Persian eebo, saffron, cloves, cinnamon, ane a taaba gyamaa a paaŋ de ne pomegranate koɔ.[26]

Tatenne gyamaa a puoriŋ, a British ane Indian naŋ wa wa a puoriŋ, a zaa ayi wane la ba meŋ bondirii aseŋ, Indian zɛvaare curries, lentil zejre, chapattis ane a taaba gyamaa naŋ e ba yipɔge bondirii ka ba de wane. A bondirii mine naŋ pore a irigiŋ paaloŋ mine la, aŋkaa, lemons, limes, chilies, sɛmaane, kamaana, toose, ane strawberries.

A Horn paaloŋ naŋ be a Africa poɔ, a ba saaŋkompare naŋ sereŋ e a ba yipɔge bondiraa la a Eritrean bondirii ane a Ethiopian bondirii ka ana la tsebhis ( stew) ka ba maŋ de di ne injera[27] ( borodo banaq de teff, wheat bee sorghum a lantaa a maale ne) ane hilbet ( bombie mine zcŋ, ana la sereŋ e lntils ane fava bɛŋɛ). Eritrean ane Ethiopian bondirii  ( a zuo a zaa banaŋ naŋ be a northern kyɛle na,) ba deme kyɛre la feeŋ ka a yitaa ne a tenne ama ayi zaa.

Eritrean ane Ethiopian bondirii taa la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi irigiŋ na poɔ a bondirii naŋ maale bee a yi.a highland paloŋ, injera e la bebiri zaa bondirii naq taa suni a be a Tigrinya poɔ. Injera maŋ maale yi la a teff poɔ, wheat, barley, soghume, bee kamaana ane a taaba anaŋ naŋ yitaa ne a aseŋ spongy, slightly sour pankae. Ka banaŋ wa dire bondirii a zimaane saŋa, ba maŋ poŋi la bondirii a yi tabɔl soga poɔ a te biŋ o noɔreŋ ka noba di. Injera gyamaazie maŋ ŋmaa eŋ la tɛntɛre poɔ, ka zɛtage a dɔgele a zu. A zimaane didire maŋ ŋmaara la a ijera feenfeeŋ a sugeero ne a zeɛre.

A leɛ sigi a Lowland poɔ, a ba yipɔge bondirii meŋa la a akelet, buuluŋ mine naŋ maŋ waa ŋa bondirii, wheat zɔŋ la ka ba maŋ de maale ne a buuluŋ ama. Sulee bee teraa la ka ba maŋ de tuŋ ɔne ne a bondirii ama a do ne sazu, a bondirii ama maŋ pa ne la berbere ane butter, a paaŋ poɔ ne nao  boroŋ, bee yoghurt. Ba maŋ de la zɔŋ eŋ koɔ ka a miiŋ ka ba da maale ne sauce.

A Ethiopian bee Eritrean bondirii e la zɛvaare tɛɛtɛɛ bee nɛmɛ a eŋ a bondirii aama lambogiriŋ,, gbɛɛ yaga a maŋ e la wat, bee zɛtage, ka ba maŋ de di atop injera, ba maŋ maale la sourdough borodo tɛtɛreŋ kpoŋ ane a teff zɔŋ. Ba ba derɛ laare a dire ne a bondirii ama a injera la ka ba maq de a dire ne a a bondirii ama.

Tihlo, maaloo e la boma banaq maq maale ne barly zɔŋ, a e la boma naŋ pore a Amhara, Agame, ane Awaelo ( Tigray). Saakompare Ethiopian bondirii maaloo ba taa ka ba de doba nɛne a maale ne bee ka ba de shellfish bee a ama kaŋa zaa a eŋ a Jewish ane Ethiopian Orthodox Christian bondirii poc ka ba di. A yelkaŋa meŋ naŋ pore a ba poɔ la ba maŋ laŋ la taa a di bondirii tabɔl yeni zu a ba laŋgbuli nob zaa.

Somali bondirii maaloo taa la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi irigiŋ na poɔ ba naŋ maala a bondi-balaa na, ane meŋ a maŋ taa, la bontɛɛtɛɛ banaŋ maŋ de lantaa. A boma ama yi la Somalia naŋ yi saaŋkompare boŋkoɔre ane a dadareba. Aneazaa ka a bondimaale boma ama taa la tɛɛtɛɛ, kyɛ a e la boma naŋ maŋ lantaa ka a bondirii ama toɔ maale, bondirii zaa maŋ di la a halal poɔ. Kyɛ a paaloŋ ŋa poɔ, ba ba dire doba nɛne bee dobaa bondirii, ba ba nyuuro bee koɔrɔ daaŋ kpeɛŋaa a be, bonzaa naŋ kpi o toɔraa ba ba dire o a paaloŋ na poɔ, aneŋ meŋ a paaloŋ na poɔ baba dire zeeŋ. Qaddo bee ŋmenaa saŋa bondirii e la bone neɛzaa a paaloŋ na poɔ naŋ dire.

Bariis (mui) taa la tɛɛtɛɛ, basmati e la bone naŋ pore a paaloŋ na poɔ, a paaloŋ ŋa poɔ anaŋ e ba saaŋkompare, yipɔge bondiraa meŋa. Boma na banaŋ maŋ de maale ne a la cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon ane sage la ka maq de maale ne ka a mui ŋa nyuu a taa tɛɛtɛɛ. Somalis bondirii ama la ka ba maŋ maale di zemaane, a waana gbeli a awai (9) soba poɔ a zisoɔre. A Ramadan wagere ŋa poɔ, a ba zimaane bondirii la a lɛ, ka banaŋ wa puori Tarawih puoruu, a mine kaŋ ka anaŋ wa te gɛrɛ gbeli pie yeni (11).

Xalwo (halwo) bee a halva e la bone naŋ pore a saŋa na a yɛre na maŋ wa dire ba Eid tigiri bee kultaa tigiri diibu. A boma ama sikyiri la kaba maŋ de maale ne, corstarch, cardamon zɔŋ, nutmeg zɔŋ,[28] ane ghee. Seŋkaa meŋ e la a boma mine ba naŋ maŋ tasoga eŋ a pale ka a niŋe taa waraa kaŋa. Ka banaŋ wa di a bondirii ama baare a yie poɔ, saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ, ba maŋ tu la a saaŋkompare yeltuuri aseŋ, a de franknincense ( lubaan) bee a incense (cuunsi), onaŋ la ka ba maŋ maale eŋ inɔense burner na kaŋa a nansaala na maŋ boɔle, ona la ka noba mine naŋ boɔlɔ ka dabqaad.

Bondirii ane a tcnc zu kaabo a East Afriɔa ( Rwanda, Burundi ane South Sudan paaloŋ poɔ), e la yelsoore mine naŋ e ba yelwonni. A irigiŋ zaa polle la noɔre ka baba zɔɔrɔ taa, a piili a wagere na ba libiyɛlɛ naŋ do saa a yi a 1990s yuoma na poɔ a waana a ŋaa. Kyɛ zenɛ bebiri, a bondirii yageroŋ bee poroo sigri la ka bibiiri bondisoŋ diibu a ba la kyebe ka ba endaa baabo a sigi puliŋ. A yelwonnaa ŋa faabo na yi la a ka noba wa piili koɔrɔ bondirii gyamaa. Sɛre ka a yelŋa na eebo, see la ka kɔreba a vɛŋ ka ba koɔbo yeltarre a la maaleŋ e nimizeɛ a zuo a ŋaa ba naŋ da koɔrɔ, a lɛ naane kyɛ vɛŋ ka ba weɛ teŋɛ kuoluŋ yɛlɛ meŋ taa nimizeɛ a pale. A ŋaa na soŋ ka a yuoni na poɔ ka ba weɛ bonkoɔre a a yi yaga. Ka ba zaa wa taa a nimizeɛ a ŋaa a lɛ na soŋ ka nandaaloŋ sigiri kyɛ ko noba toma ka ba maŋ toŋ a nyɛ libiri meŋ soŋ ne ba menne.[29]

North Africa

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

           Atikile meŋa; North Africa bondirii maaloo

Peɛroo naŋ wuli kyaare ne bondirii borebo ne a saamo a North Africa, peɛpeɛrebɛ peɛre la a nyɛ ka a irigiŋ ŋa poɔ saana la bondirii 30%, ka a ŋaa paaŋ wuli ka a noba yageroŋ na do la saa a zuo a bondirii naŋ be a paaloŋ ŋa poɔ. Yele anaŋ naŋ saana a bondirii ama mine la, ba ba taa bondirii bimmo zie banaŋ na baŋ biŋ bondirii ka a ta dare mine sɛre kyɛ baŋ saaŋ. Ka sɛre ka ba naŋ toɔ maale a yelferaa ŋa eŋ ka o tori bee a yi zie, a noba seŋ ka ba la maale bɔ bondisaama mine ane lɛ banaŋ na maŋ biŋ a, ka a ta wagere bee bebie mine kyɛ ba saaŋ.  A lɛ te naŋ moɔ nimiri a boɔre yɛlɛ a lɛ meŋ ne o u la ka te a nyɛ noba ka soŋ ne te bondimaale boma naŋ na toɔ soŋ ka te maŋ biŋ bondirii a kɔɔre kyɛ ka a ba saaŋ. A te peɛroo ŋa soŋ ;la ka te nyɛ noba la banaŋ maŋ de a bombuli lambori zaa a baŋ biŋ ka o ta berii mine sɛre aseŋ, a vaɛ, a uli, a puuru, a wɔmɔ ane a bie. Ba meŋ maŋ de la donne ziiri anaŋ naŋ e bondiraa, a kaaŋ ane a kɔbɔ zaa a maale ne zeɛre.[30]

North Africa be la a Mediterranean Sea ane yaga kpakyagaŋ aseŋ, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia ane Egypt. Kyɛ a North African bondirii maaloo na baŋ leɛ tuuli la a gaa a Egypt poɔ naŋ e a North Africa paaloŋ poɔ teŋɛ bee lambori kaŋa. A be la ka tenne gyamaa bondirii naŋ piili ka neɛ na tuuli a Afrika poɔ.

Tenne gyamaa, bonkoɔreba, sori turibo, dadareba, ane saama zaa taa la tontonaa kaŋa a kyaare ne North Africa poɔ bondirii maaloo. Phoenician danweɛŋ soba, la wane a sausages, kyɛ ka Carthaginians la meŋ de wheat a wane a wa wuli semolina paaloŋ noba. Berbers a semolina naŋ de yi la couscous naŋ e a bondiraa kaŋa banaŋ noɔŋ amaŋ dire o wagere zaa. Olives ane olive kaaŋ meŋ da e la bone ba naŋ sɛre ka Roman baŋ wa e bone banaŋ de wuli ba paaloŋ poɔ.

A 7th century yuoma poc a nansaala na maq yeli, A Arab paaloŋ noba la wane bondiparɛɛ ama te seŋ, saffron, nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger ane cloves, a boma ama zaa la soŋ ka North Afrika paaloŋ toɔ leɛ de a bondirii ama maaloo bee a baŋ a diibu.Ottoman Turks la wane bonnoɔ te seŋ, pastries ane bakery boma a paaloŋ poɔ, kyɛ ka New World, North Afrika meŋ nyɛ daŋgeli, toose, zucchini ane chili sjmaane a yi ba zie.

A North African tenne gyamaa zie bondirii ane a maaloo yi la taa bbee yie taa, wagere a yoe meŋ maŋ e la a toɔraa lɛ a, kaŋa zaa yuori maŋ be la o toɔraa ( a Morocan tangia ane Tunisian coucha zaa e bondiyenaa kyɛ ka a yuori e tɛɛtɛɛ, a zaa nɛne zeɛre la ka ba maŋ de maale urn a doge biŋ ka gaŋ dambio a daŋaa zu), wagere mine poɔ a sobie na a naŋ maŋ tu kyɛ doge la maŋ e a toɔraa bee a tɛgebo bee kyilluu kaŋa bee a boma na ba naŋ maŋ de lantaa a maale ne la maŋ wuli a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ. A yelkaŋa na meŋ na maŋ toɔ wuli a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ la a yuori aseŋ ( a tajine bondirii a maaloo a Morocco paaloŋ poɔ ba ba pagera a, a maaloo ba erɛ wieŋ, a maŋ gɛrɛ la feenfeeŋ lɛ, kyɛ ka Tunisian tajine ba maŋ sɛ a la omelett/quich ka a waa ŋa bondirii na). A bondirii ama poɔ a tɛɛtɛɛloŋ saaŋ la kperaa lɛ, a maaloo e la tɛɛtɛɛ a yi a tatenne ama zaa ayi poɔ, a yi lɛ a Moroccan zie banaq maq maale ane lɛ a Tunisian  paaloŋ noba naŋ maŋ maale ane Egypt ane Algeria poɔ taa la tɛtɛɛ.[31]

Southern Africa

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

A Souther Africa bondirii maaloo ane ( ba seŋ ka a taa buriburuu ne a South Africa) a mine kaqa bee wagere kaŋa, noba bamine maŋ boɔle ka sagoŋgonaa, (rainbow) bonso a bondirii maŋ be la ba irigiŋ poɔ a maŋ laŋ ne la a Afrika yipɔge bondirii European, ane Asian. Sɛre ka neɛ na teɛ a seɛ a bonditɛɛtɛɛ ama a Afrika poɔ,see ka fo baŋ a Afrika paaloŋ poɔ noba. Afrika paaloŋ anaŋ naŋ daŋ bebe sɛre ka South Afrika wa baŋ wa da poŋi la eŋ ziiri ayi ane a laŋgbuli taaba yaga.

A laŋgbuli poɔ la ka Bantu kɔkɔre yelbe a e gyamaa, zenɛ a laŋgbulo ama la ka noba baŋ gyamaa aseŋ Ndebele (northern and southern), Shona, Venda, Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Sotho, Tswana, Pedi and Tsonga. Ba ta la a irigiŋ poɔ a yuomo 2000 poɔ naŋ pare, banaŋ la wane koɔbo, donne guolu, boma maaloo ane a taaba gyamaa. A yi be puori, Bantu kɔkɔre yelbe paaŋ yɛle la a piili guolo nii, peere ane boore. A la yi be puori, ba paaŋ da la piili la koɔrɔ yɔɔvaaare, bɛŋɛ, ane zɛva parɛɛ parɛɛ taaba zaa.

Laŋgbuli bilee kaŋa meŋ da wa la a irigiŋ paaloŋ poɔ ka meŋ boɔlɔ ba ka Khoisan, banaŋ la ka noba mine sage ka ba kpɛ la a paaloŋ poɔ a ta ŋa yuomo 10,000 a pare lɛ gba. A Khoisan nensaama bama naŋ wa be a South Afrika paaloŋ noba de ba la eŋ pale ka ba poɔ a South Afrika noba meŋa poɔ, Khoisan noba banaŋ ka neɛ zaa naŋ baŋ ba soŋ ka ba e nankpaama naŋ lantaa ( ba naŋ la ka noba baŋ ka ba e “San” a e a Bantu kɔkɔre yelbe ane a Bushman a nansaala na maŋ boɔle bee a European kɔkɔre na maŋ boɔle). A Bantu kɔkɔre yelbe naŋ wa baare puoriŋ, a Khoisan noba mine bare la ba kɔkɔre kyɛ leɛ de a Bantu kɔkɔre a yele, azuiŋ ba da la leɛ bare la a bombulo koɔbo kyɛ leɛ a guolo nii. A Khoisan la guoli a nii ba toɔraa “Khoi-khoi” a leɛ wa a European kɔkɔre poɔ ona la ka ba boɔlɔ, “Hottentots”.

Noba mine meŋ be la a lamboriŋ a meŋ maŋ wuli ba teɛroŋ bee pare bammo a kyaare ne a bondirii ama. A Bantu kɔkɔre deme maŋ di la bondirii aeŋ, bombie, nɛnmɛ, bɔroŋ, ane zɛvaare a paaŋ pale bondirii anaŋ banaŋ maŋ biŋ ka a miiŋ. Aneazaa ka khoi-khoi maŋ di la nɛnɛ, ane boroŋ, ane a San na maŋ yɔ a ko donne fare, bee kpeɛne ane bonnyege ane zɛvaare mine. Kyɛ yele yaga poɔ, a bebiri zaa bondirii a South Afrika noba naŋ maŋ dire e la ba yipɔge neɛ naŋ na baŋ leɛ a tuli gaa ka a wuli ka a yi la ba saaŋkommine zie a ta ba meŋ. Khoisan ane a Bantu saaŋkonnoŋ poɔ, ba maŋ di bee ɔɔ la nɛne seɛraa ane meŋ ba maŋ ɔɔ la nɛne kuoŋaa.

A ba bondirii ama e l aboma naŋ yi south Afrika  paaloŋ poɔ ba naŋ nɔŋ barbecue (

Bondi-banne

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
  • Inyama yenhloko

Tatenne

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
  • Botswana cuisine
  • Cuisine of Eswatini
  • Cuisine of Lesotho
  • Namibian cuisine
  • South African cuisine
  • Zimbabwe cuisine
  • Mozambican cuisine

West Africa

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]

Tatenne

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
  • Benin cuisine
  • Burkinabé cuisine, Burkina Faso
  • Ghanaian cuisine
  • Cuisine of Guinea-Bissau
  • Cuisine of Guinea
  • Ivorian cuisine
  • Liberian cuisine
  • Malian cuisine
  • Mauritanian cuisine
  • Nigerian cuisine
  • Cuisine of Niger
  • Cuisine of Saint Helena
  • Senegalese cuisine
  • Cuisine of Sierra Leone
  • Togolese cuisine

Sommo Yizie

[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
  1. ↑ "Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine". www.researchgate.net. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
  2. ↑ Hitchcock, Robert K. (26 March 2019). "Foragers and Food Production in Africa: A Cross- Cultural and Analytical Perspective". World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science. 1 (5): 1–10. doi:10.33552/WJASS.2019.01.000522.
  3. ↑ Cusack, Igor (December 2000). "African cuisines: Recipes for nationbuilding?". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 13 (2): 207–225. doi:10.1080/713674313. ISSN 1369-6815. S2CID 145320645.
  4. ↑ Marshall, Fiona; Hildebrand, Elisabeth (1 June 2002). "Cattle Before Crops: The Beginnings of Food Production in Africa". Journal of World Prehistory. 16 (2): 99–143. doi:10.1023/A:1019954903395. ISSN 1573-7802.
  5. ↑ Abaka, Edmund (April 2011). "James C. McCann . Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine. (Africa in World History.) Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Center for International Studies . Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press . 2009 . Pp. xiv, 213. $26.95". The American Historical Review. 116 (2): 549–550. doi:10.1086/ahr.116.2.549. ISSN 0002-8762.
  6. ↑ School Foodservice Journal. American School Food Service Association. 1977. p. 36. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  7. ↑ Neo-Africanism: The New Ideology for a New Africa. Trafford Publishing. 2008. p. 505. ISBN 978-1-4251-7678-5. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  8. ↑ "Food". African Fest USA. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  9. ↑ Food Alive and Well". Carifika Canada. Retrieved 27 May 2020
  10. ↑ Njogu, K.; Ngeta, K.; Wanjau, M. (2010). Ethnic Diversity in Eastern Africa: Opportunities and Challenges. Twaweza Communications. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-9966-7244-8-9. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  11. ↑ "Ancient Egyptian Agriculture | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". www.fao.org. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  12. ↑ International Food Policy Research Institute (2014). "Atlas of African agriculture research and development: Revealing agriculture's place in Africa". ebrary.ifpri.org. doi:10.2499/9780896298460. hdl:10568/74296. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  13. ↑ Cherniwchan, Jevan; Moreno-Cruz, Juan (1 January 2019). "Maize and precolonial Africa". Journal of Development Economics. 136: 137–150. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.10.008. hdl:10419/180280. ISSN 0304-3878. S2CID 158678745.
  14. ↑ Freedman, P., Chaplin, J.E., & Albala, K. (2014). Food in Time and Place: The American Historical Association Companion to Food History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  15. ↑ Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine; Mésnard, Éric (2013). L'esclavage intégré en Afrique (fin du xviiie-xixe siècle). Cahiers Libres.
  16. ↑ Thronton, John (1981). "Early Kongo-Portuguese Relations: A New Interpretation". History in Africa. VIII (I): 22.
  17. ↑ Albala, Ken, ed. (2011). Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: Africa and the Middle East. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). © ABC-Clio Inc. doi:10.5040/9781474208642. ISBN 978-1-4742-0864-2.
  18. ↑ Newton, A. (1994). Central Africa: a travel survival kit. Lonely Planet travel survival kit. Lonely Planet. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-86442-138-8. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  19. ↑ Huchzermeyer, F.W. (2003). Crocodiles: Biology, Husbandry and Diseases. CABI. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-85199-798-8. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  20. ↑ Elephant meat trade in Central Africa : Republic of Congo case study. Iucn. p. 36. ISBN 978-2-8317-1419-6. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  21. ↑ Stiles, D. (2011). Elephant Meat Trade in Central Africa: Summary Report. IUCN. p. 25. ISBN 978-2-8317-1393-9. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  22. ↑ Whitford, J. (1877). Trading Life in Western and Central Africa. "Porcupine" Office. p. 212. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  23. ↑ Gibbons, A.S.H. (1898). Exploration and Hunting in Central Africa 1895–96. Methuen & Company. p. 223. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  24. ↑ "'A cow is as good as a man – or better.' African Initiatives in Tanzania". The Big Issue. 7 August 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  25. ↑ "livestock farming | Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  26. ↑ "Africa". Issuu. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2020
  27. ↑ "ERITREAN FOOD PRACTICIES". Archived from the original on 8 October 2002. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  28. ↑ Barlin Ali, Somali Cuisine, (AuthorHouse: 2007), p.79
  29. ↑ Lokuruka, Michael N. I. (9 December 2020). "Food and Nutrition Security in East Africa (Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan): Status, Challenges and Prospects". Food Security in Africa. IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/intechopen.95037. ISBN 978-1-78985-734-4. S2CID 230576924
  30. ↑ El Bilali, Hamid (4 April 2018). "Research on food losses and waste in North Africa". The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2 (3): 51–58. doi:10.51745/najfnr.2.3.51-58. ISSN 2588-1582.
  31. ↑ Wolfert, Paula. "The Dishes of North Africa". National Association for the Specialty Food Trade, Inc. Archived from the original on 21 October 2007.
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